MDGx
HOSTS Files, Guides + Tools

Contents:
Hello!  • MDGx HOSTS Files + Tools
  • HOSTS Guide
  • IMPORTANT
  • HOSTS Usage
  • HOSTS Links

MDGx HOSTS Files + Tools

MDGx HOSTS Files | HOSTS Tools

MDGx HOSTS Installers | MDGx HOSTS Archive

The HOSTS file can be used to block adware, spyware, malware, viruses, trojans, worms + popups in all your ftp/web browsers/tools and internet/network tools by denying access to a list of internet domains/servers/web sites.

Here are my HOSTS files (updated frequently = April 27 2008) with > 128,000 host name entries:

•  MDGx HOSTS Files = Automated EXE Installers:

•  MDGx HOSTS Files = ZIP Archive:

•  Useful HOSTS tools I recommend [100% free(ware)]:

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HOSTS Guide

IMPORTANT

HOSTS (case insensitive in Windows OSes) or hosts (must be lower case in *nix OSes) is an ASCII (plain text) file used by TCP/IP protocol for BSD/FreeBSD/Linux/Solaris/UNIX, BeOS, MacOS, OS/2, Novell Netware + Windows Operating Systems.
Acts as TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) host table and contains a list of address-to-name resolution mappings of numeric IP (Internet Protocol) addresses (32-bit identifiers) resolved to valid host names.
Operates as a local DNS (Domain Naming System) server by translating a UNC (Universal Naming Convention) domain name into an IP address, thus decreasing the time necessary to reach a remote server.
Never map an IP to a host name already in use, for example your ISP (Internet Service Provider) name or your favorite web site(s) name(s).
Never rename this file, it must be HOSTS or hosts without extension.

To properly use HOSTS in Windows 32-bit (Win32/x86) + 64-bit (Win64/x64) OSes you must make sure Enable DNS is turned ON: Control Panel -> Network -> your TCP/IP adapter name (if more than 1 must do this for ALL) -> TCP/IP Properties -> DNS Configuration tab -> check Enable DNS box -> click Apply/OK button.

Microsoft Windows Host Name Resolution over TCP/IP search order:

  1. HOSTS file
  2. DNS server
  3. NetBIOS cache
  4. WINS server
  5. Broadcast
  6. LMHOSTS file

You can view/edit your HOSTS file using Notepad or better text/ASCII editor/viewer, especially if your HOSTS file is larger than 64 KB.
Each entry must be kept on its own (separate) line.
Entries are almost always case sensitive.
Each IP address must be placed 1st separated by at least 1 space or Tab from corresponding host (machine) name, which must be placed 2nd on the same line.
Insert any optional comments on the same line after the host name (or on separate lines) preceded by a # symbol and followed (optionally) by at least 1 space or Tab (examples):

IPHost nameComments
 102.54.94.97  rhino.acme.com  # source server 
 38.25.63.10  x.acme.com  # x client host 

This must be the 1st HOSTS line:

127.0.0.1 localhost

If more than 1 localhost lines, the 1st one overrides all others.

Each host name entry is limited to a maximum of 255 characters.

•NEVER• rename/modify/delete/comment/remark this HOSTS line:

127.0.0.1 localhost

The hosts file must reside in: [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS (3.xx/95/98/ME + 2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008) or C:\WINNT (NT/2000)]

IMPORTANT

NOTE #1 | NOTE #2 | NOTE #3 | NOTE #4

•  NOTE #1:

In Windows 2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008 DNS Client service (if enabled) loads the entire contents of the existing HOSTS file (if any) into the DNS cache, which may slow down the computer, especially if using a (very) large HOSTS file.
You have 2 choices here:

  1. One way is to stop and/or disable DNS Client service: Start button -> Run... box -> type services.msc -> click OK or press Enter -> open DNS Client -> General tab -> set to Manual (if needed) or Disabled (if not needed) -> Stop (if running) -> click OK or press Enter -> reboot.
    To set DNS Client to Manual (if needed), run these 2 commands from a DOS console or a batch file:

    SC CONFIG DNSCache START= demand
    and:
    SC STOP DNSCache
    or:
    NET STOP DNSCache

    To set DNS Client to Disabled (if not needed), run these 2 commands from a DOS console or a batch file:

    SC CONFIG DNSCache START= disabled
    and:
    SC STOP DNSCache
    or:
    NET STOP DNSCache

    To determine if you need to have DNS Client service enabled: Start button -> Run... box -> type services.msc -> click OK or press Enter -> open DNS Client -> Status column -> should state Started (if needed) or should be empty (if not needed).
    More info:

    CAUTION:
    Stop/Disable DNS Client service ONLY if NOT connected to/part of a network/domain.
    If connected to/part of a network/domain, DNS Client service may be necessary for proper operation.
    More info:

  2. The other way is to force the DNS cache (if DNS Client service is active) to read the entire list of servers from your HOSTS file by running this command from a DOS console or a batch file:

    IPCONFIG /flushdns

    More info @ MSKB.

•  NOTE #2:

In case you are running ANY network/server on your local computer, you •MUST• edit your HOSTS file using Notepad or better text/ASCII editor/viewer and change ALL 127.0.0.1 entries (except the 127.0.0.1 localhost line) to read 0 (or 0.0.0.0).
Restart or log back into your network/server when done.
Otherwise you might get a huge number of login popup prompts while trying to access the local server/network, because localhost is always located at the 127.0.0.1 IP address.

•  NOTE #3:

In case you cannot access an internet site/server, and if your web browser/e-mail client/ftp client/network tool returns a message/page/screen similar to (depending on the web browser/client/tool used):

this may be due to a 0 (0.0.0.0 abbreviated) or 127.0.0.1 entry into your HOSTS file associated with the internet site/server you are trying to access.
To (re)enable that particular internet site/server, just delete/remove or comment/remark that entire line: edit your HOSTS file using Notepad or better text/ASCII editor/viewer and place a # symbol in front of that line.
Then restart your web browser/e-mail client/ftp client/network tool and access that same internet site/server again.

•  NOTE #4:

In case Internet Explorer web browser does NOT allow you to save a web page, and you get this error message (or similar):

"Error Saving Web Page
This Web page could not be saved"

this may be due to 1 or more 0 (0.0.0.0 abbreviated) or 127.0.0.1 entry/entries into your HOSTS file associated with 1 or more of the internet site(s)/server(s) you are trying to save that web page from.
To temporarily access that/those particular internet site(s)/server(s) and be able to save it/them properly as web page:

  1. Copy & paste that URL name from the Internet Explorer URL address box: highlight the entire URL line -> right-click on it -> select Copy.
  2. Close/exit that particular Internet Explorer instance.
  3. Rename to any other name or move to any other valid location your HOSTS file.
  4. Restart Internet Explorer.
  5. Highlight the entire URL address box -> right-click on it -> select Paste -> press Enter.
  6. Now save your web page again.
  7. Close/exit that particular Internet Explorer instance.
  8. Rename BACK to the original name or move BACK to the original location your HOSTS file.
  9. Restart Internet Explorer.
This is because webmasters sometimes include server-side code to access more than 1 web site/server from within the same web page.

FYI:
If you don't understand some of these abbreviations/acronyms/terms, please look them up.

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HOSTS Usage

DNS Accelerator | Ad/Popup Blocker

•  HOSTS as DNS accelerator:

    Retrieve the IP address of any known host name by running ping (example):

    ping microsoft.com

    which returns this screen:

    Pinging microsoft.com [207.46.130.108] with 32 bytes of data...

    Then add this IP followed by its host name to your HOSTS file (example):

    207.46.130.108 microsoft.com # Microsoft

    PING.EXE is installed by default by all Windows 32-bit (Win32/x86) + 64-bit (Win64/x64) OSes in %windir% [95/98/ME = 9x OSes] or %windir%\SYSTEM32 [NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008 = NTx OSes].
    Run:

    ping

    by itself to display all available command line parameters.

    Some internet/network servers use dynamic IP addresses, meaning the numbers change periodically or every time you try to access them. Therefore you may need to ping the same server more than once at different times, and then add ALL IP numbers found for that server, followed by its host/web site name (see example above) on separate lines into your HOSTS file.

•  HOSTS as ad, malware + popup blocker:

    The HOSTS file is only a primitive anti-adware, anti-spyware, anti-malware + anti-popup blocking tool.
    But it can be used to successfully block adware, spyware, malware, viruses, trojans, worms, zombies + popups in all your web browsers by preventing an entire list of internet domains/servers/web sites from accessing your local computer(s).
    Be aware that the HOSTS file can be easily deleted, modified, renamed, moved etc by malware/spyware to include malware/spying/rogue/phishing/virus/trojan/zombie servers or/and to remove/disable malware servers in the background, without user's knowledge.

    STRONGLY RECOMMENDED:
    Install + run a dedicated firewall, anti-spyware + anti-virus tools in order to monitor for, detect and remove any potential malware/spyware.

    Block (deny access to and from) any host (force that server to default to localhost IP) by preceding its name with 0.0.0.0 (null = can be abbreviated to 0) or 127.0.0.1 (localhost = loopback). This example:

    0.0.0.0 microsoft.com

    or abbreviated to (faster):

    0 microsoft.com

    or (slower):

    127.0.0.1 microsoft.com

    denies access to and from microsoft.com domain name.
    See MDGx HOSTS files for a list of blocked servers.
    Rename all your HOSTS file 0.0.0.0 (or abbreviated to 0) instances to 127.0.0.1 (or the other way around) if too slow or if not working.

    •NEVER• rename/modify/delete/comment/remark this HOSTS line:

    127.0.0.1 localhost

    Surf the internet safely... ;-)

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HOSTS Links

•  HOSTS Guides + Free(ware) Tools on the Internet:

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