MDGx MAX Speed WinDOwS
Glossary
of
Terms, Standards, Abbreviations + Acronyms

  Here are > 2000 computing, hardware, software, internet, networking, web design, gaming, electronics, audio, music, communications, space exploration, radio, cinema, television, video, animation, recording, graphics, imaging, photography, arts, science, technology, biology, medical sciences file extensions, terms, standards, abbreviations, acronyms, alphabetisms + initialisms listed in Latin based alphabetical order, also available as GLOSSARY.TXT [plain text file], part of my ©Tricks + Secrets Files, FREEware:
 Windows 9x/NTx + DOS 7.xx/8.00: W95-11D.EXE
 Windows/WfWG 3.1x + DOS 6.xx: W31-11D.ZIP
  NOTE:
  I post new entries frequently. Please contact me for other terms (including their definitions) you consider I should add here or for any corrections.
Glossaria, Dictionaria, Encyclopædia, Compendia + Referentia
[bottom of this page]
09
1080i = 1920x1080 interlaced screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
1080p = 1920x1080 progressive scan screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
16:9 = Wide digital cinema/TV display horizontal:vertical (letterbox) aspect ratio standard (see WAR).
2160p = 4096x2160p (cinema UHD) or 3840x2160 (TV UHD) progressive scan screen resolution (monitors, cinema + UHDTV).
24p = High Definition 24 frames/second progressive video (Sony/Panasonic) (also HiDef).
286 = Intel 80286 processor.
2D = Bi (two) dimensional: x and y axes.
2FA = Two Factor Authentication, also TFA (electronic authentication method).
2K = 2000.
2K1 = 2001.
2K2 = 2002.
2K3 = 2003.
2K4 = 2004.
2K5 = 2005.
2K6 = 2006.
2K7 = 2007.
2K8 = 2008.
2K9 = 2009.
386 = Intel 80386 processor (SX/DX).
386MAX = Qualitas 386 Expanded Memory Manager (386MAX.SYS).
3D = Tri (three) dimensional: x, y and z axes.
3DC = 3D Consortium (Sharp/Sanyo/Sony/Toshiba/Samsung/LG).
3dfx = 3D Graphics Interactive (Voodoo family 3D chipsets).
3DIF = 3D Industry Forum (Intel/Adobe/Microsoft).
3DNow! = AMD K6/K7/K8/K9 CPU multimedia extensions.
3DRAM = 3D Dynamic Random Access Memory.
3GIO = 3rd Generation Input/Output (PCI 3.0 or PCI Express or PCIe) bus architecture: 64-bit, 133/266 MHz, 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell).
3PS = 3rd Person Shooter game (computer/platform/video gaming).
4:3 = Traditional analog TV display horizontal:vertical aspect ratio (old standard).
486 = Intel 80486 processor (DX/DX2/DX4).
4K = 4096x3112 (cinema UHD) and 3840x2160 (monitors + TV UHD) screen resolution.
4X = eXplore, eXpand, eXploit and eXterminate game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
586 = Intel 80586 processor (Pentium/Pentium Pro).
5K = 5120x3200 (cinema EHD) and 5120x2880 (monitors + TV EHD) screen resolution.
686 = Intel 80686 processor (Pentium II/III/IV).
6K = 6144x3240 (cinema PHD) and 6144x3160 (monitors + TV PHD) screen resolution.
720i = 1280x720 interlaced screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
720p = 1280x720 progressive scan screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
86 = Intel 80X86 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 32-bit compatible.
87 = Intel 80X87 Floating Point Unit (FPU) 32-bit compatible.
80286 = Intel 80286 processor.
80386 = Intel 80386 processor (SX/DX).
80486 = Intel 80486 processor (DX/DX2/DX4).
80586 = Intel 80586 processor (Pentium/Pentium Pro).
80686 = Intel 80686 processor (Pentium II/III/IV).
8086 = Intel 8086 processor (first generation).
80X86 = Intel 80X86 processors family 32-bit compatible.
8K = 8192x5120 (cinema FHD) and 7680x4320 (monitors + TV FHD) screen resolution.
A
A/C = Alternating Current (variable electrical current) (also AC).
A3D = Aureal 3D surround sound technology.
AA = Anti-Aliasing edge smoothing technology (3D video).
AAAS = American Association for the Advancement of Science.
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding (enhanced MPEG-4 encoding).
AAF = Advanced Authoring format (Microsoft video).
AC = Alternating Current (variable electrical current) (also A/C).
AC-3 = Advanced Codec (Audio Coding) 3 Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio) (also AC3).
AC3 = Advanced Codec (Audio Coding) 3 Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio) (also AC-3).
AC'97 = Audio Codec 1997 component specification (Intel).
ACK = ACKnowledgement (modem response).
ACL = Access Control List (Microsoft Windows NTx OSes running on NTFS).
ACM = Association for Computing Machinery.
ACPI = Advanced Configuration Power Interface.
ADC = Analog to Digital Converter.
ADPCM = Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
ADSL = Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (1.1 MHz, 4 Mbps).
ADSL2+ = Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line version 2+ modem technology (2.2 MHz, 24 Mbps).
ADVD = Audio Digital Versatile (Video) Disc.
Adware = Ad(vertising) Software (unsolicited, unwanted, dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious).
AES = Advanced Encryption Standard instruction set (built into the CPU).
AF = AutoFocus (cinema, photography).
AFR = Alternate Frame Rendering (ATI Rage Fury MAXX).
AFM = Atomic Force Microscope.
AGP = Accelerated Graphics Port technology (Intel).
AGP-1x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 1st generation (AGP 1.0): 266 MB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-2x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 2nd generation using sidebands (AGP 2.0): 533 MB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-4x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 3nd generation using fast writes (AGP 3.0): 1.07 GB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-8x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 4th generation (AGP 4.0): 2.14 GB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGRAS = AntiGlare AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT display).
AHCI = Advanced Host Controller Interface (SATA controllers).
AI = Artificial Intelligence.
AIFF = Audio Interchange File Format lossless uncompressed audio file format standard (Apple).
AIT = Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony).
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML (web design technologies).
ALDC = Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (IBM).
AM = Ante Meridiem (Latin), also A.M. time convention (before midday, before 12:00:00 o'clock noon).
AM (2) = Amplitude Modulation radio frequency waves with low audio fidelity (long, medium + short frequency wave bands).
AMD = Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated.
AMI = American Megatrends Incorporated.
AMOLED = Active Matrix Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Samsung).
AMR = Audio/Modem Riser slot (Intel Pentium III/IV 8XX chipsets).
ANI = Microsoft Windows ANImated cursor graphic file.
ANSI = American National Standards Institute.
AOD = Advanced Optical Disc technology (Toshiba/NEC).
AOL = America OnLine.
APG = Action Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
API = Application Programming Interface.
APIC = Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller.
APM = Advanced Power Management.
Apple = Apple Inc.
APS-C = Advanced Photo System Type C image sensor format (25x16mm).
AR = Augmented Reality (computer generated interactive reality experience).
ARAG = AntiReflection AntiGlare screen treatment (CRT display).
ARAS = AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT display).
ARP = Address Resolution Protocol (networking technology).
ARP (2) = Action Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ARPANET = Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (internet forerunner).
ARPG = Action Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ARTS = Action Real Time Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ASC = Active Signal Correction technology (Sony CRT display).
ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASF = Advanced Streaming Format (Microsoft NetShow/DirectVideo).
ASIC = Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
ASLR = Address Space Layout Randomization (computer security randomization algorithm).
ASP = Advanced Sound Processor (Creative Labs).
ASP (2) = Application Service Provider.
ASP (3) = Active Server Page (Microsoft).
ASP (4) = Average Selling Price.
ASPI = Advanced SCSI Programming Interface.
ASVD = Analog Simultaneous Voice and Data.
Async SRAM = Asynchronous Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache).
AT = Advanced Technology (motherboard form factor).
AT (2) = Authenticated Transfer protocol (decentralized, open source networking technology) (Bluesky).
ATA = Advanced Technology Attachment technology (ANSI for Integrated Drive Electronics).
ATA/33 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 33.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/66 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 66.66 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/100 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 100 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/133 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 133.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATAPI = Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface.
ATB = Active Time Battle game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
Athlon = AMD Athlon K7 CPU.
ATI = ATI Technologies Inc.
ATM = Adobe Type Manager.
ATM (2) = Asynchronous Transfer Mode (network).
ATSC = Advanced Television Systems Committee standards (HDTV).
ATV = Analog Broadcast TeleVision (old TV standard).
ATV (2) = Advanced Broadcast TeleVision (DTV, HDTV standard).
ATX = Advanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
AU = AUdio file format.
AUTOEXEC.BAT = AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file.
AVC = Advanced Video Coding H.264/AVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.264 + X.264).
AVI = Audio Video Interleave (Microsoft video file format).
AVX = Advanced Vector EXtensions instruction set (built into the CPU).
AWR = Active Wide Range playback system (Toshiba CD-ROM).
AXCEL216 = Packard Bell AXCEL216 386/SX 25 MHz [my first PC 😎].
B
b = bit (binary digit): unit of digital information: 1 bit = 0 or 1.
B = Byte (Binary octet): unit of digital data: 1 Byte = 8 bits.
B2P = Buy to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
BA = Bachelor of Arts (Latin: Baccalaureus Artium), also BAc, also AB, also AcB (undergraduate level academic degree).
BASIC = Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
BAT = MS-DOS BATch program file (text/ASCII format).
Baud = Modem line (carrier) signaling high/low events/shifts per second.
BBS = Bulletin Board System.
BD = Blu-Ray Digital Versatile Disc technology, also Blu-ray (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BDA = BIOS Data Area.
BDA (2) = Blu-Ray Disc Association.
BD-R = Blu-Ray Disc Recordable Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BD-RE = Blu-Ray Disc Rewritable Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BD-ROM = Blu-Ray Disc Read Only Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BDXL = High Capacity Recordable and Rewritable Blu-Ray Disc [triple (100 GB) or quadruple (128 GB) layer].
BEDO = Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM).
Bel = Unit of acoustic/sound level/pressure/power: 1 Bel = 10 dB (deciBels).
BGA = Ball Grid Array (242 pin Intel CPU).
BIC-TCP = Binary Increase Congestion Transmission Control Protocol (NCSU).
BIF = Binary Image Format file.
BINHEX = BINary HEXadecimal (BINary to ASCII data conversion).
BIPM = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures).
BIOS = Basic Input Output System.
Blu-Ray = Blu-Ray Digital Versatile Disc technology, also BD (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BMP = RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows BitMap Picture file.
BMR = Ballistic Magneto-Resistive effect (Hewlett Packard/IBM/Siemens Hard Disk Drive technology).
BoM = Bill of Material (manufacturer costs).
BPI = Baseline Privacy Interface (DOCSIS encrypted communication specifications).
bpp = bits per pixel.
BPR = Bit Patterned Recording hard disk drive (Toshiba).
Bps = Bytes per second.
bps = bits per second.
BS = Bachelor of Science (Latin: Scientiae Baccalaureus), also BSc, also SB, also ScB (undergraduate level academic degree).
BSB = Back Side Bus (CPU to RAM motherboard bus).
BSD = Berkeley Software Distribution [UNIX like GPL (free, open source) Operating System].
BSI = BackSide Illuminated sensor (digital camera).
BSoD = Blue Screen of Death. [Microsoft Windows most dreaded "feature". 😎]
BSP = Base Service Provider Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
BtP = Buy to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
BTX = Balanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
Bus = Binary data gateway between hardware modules: CPU, chipset, RAM, I/O, etc.
C
C2PA = Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (Adobe/BBC/Intel/Microsoft/Truepic).
CaaS = Computing as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
CAB = CABinet compression format technology (Microsoft).
CAD = Computer Aided Design.
CADD = Computer Aided Design and Drafting.
CAI = Content Authenticity Initiative (Adobe/New York Times/Twitter).
CAN = Controller Area Network (array of microcontrollers).
CAPTCHA = Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart (computing test for humans).
CAS = Column Access Strobe.
CATV = Cable TeleVision (analog/digital video/audio signal transmitted through coaxial cable).
CAV = Constant Angular Velocity (Compact Disc).
CCD = Charge Coupled Device (photo sensitive digital capacitive sensor).
CCFB = Cold Cathode Fluorescent Backlighting (LCD screen).
CCFL = Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lighting (LCD screen).
CCG = Collectible Card Game (board/role playing gaming).
CCITT = Commité Consultatif International du Télégraphe et Téléphonie (International Telegraph and Telephony Consultative Committee).
CCTV = Closed Circuit TeleVision (video surveillance).
CD = Compact Disc.
CD-DA = Compact Disc Digital Audio.
CDFS = CD-ROM File System (data CD).
CD-I = Compact Disc Interactive.
CDR = CorelDRAW! image file.
CDRAM = Cache Dynamic Random Access Memory.
CD-R = Compact Disc Recorder.
CD-RAM = Compact Disc Rewritable Access Media.
CD-ROM = Compact Disc Read Only Media.
CD-ROM/XA = Compact Disc Read Only Media EXtended Architecture (Sony/Philips/Microsoft).
CDR-ROM = Compact Disc Recorder and Read Only Media (ODC).
CD-RW = Compact Disc ReWritable.
CDAF = Contrast Detection Auto Focus (cinema, photography).
CDSL = Consumer Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (Rockwell).
Celeron = Intel Pentium II/III/IV Celeron CPU (80686).
CERN = Conseil Européen pour Recherche Nucléaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research).
CERT = Computer Emergency Response Team.
CF = CompactFlash PATA 166 MB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards (SanDisk).
CFA = CompactFlash Association.
CFast = CompactFast SATA 300-600 MB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards (CompactFlash Association).
CFe = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFexpress, also CFx (CFA).
CFexpress = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFe, also CFx (CFA).
CFML = Cold Fusion Markup Language.
CFx = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFexpress, also CFe (CFA).
CGA = Color Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x200 pixels, 200p) (IBM).
CGI = Computer Generated Image.
CGI (2) = Common Gateway Interface.
CGM = Computer Graphics Metafile.
CHAP = Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
Checksum = Fixed size data (hash sum) algorithm (cryptography).
CHM = Compiled HTML Help (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
CHS = Cylinder/Head/Sector (hard disk).
CIFS = Common Internet File System.
CISC = Complex Instruction Set Computing (CPU).
CL = Creative Labs.
Clearnet = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Lightnet, Surface Web, Visible Web).
CLI = Command Line Interface (text based computer/terminal/device platform interface).
CLP = Microsoft Windows CLiPboard Bitmap file.
CLV = Constant Linear Velocity (Compact Disc).
CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor manufacturing process.
CMOS 7S = CMOS 7S manufacturing process (IBM).
CMOS-SOS = CMOS Silicon On Sapphire manufacturing process.
CMP = Chip MultiProcessing (more than 1 CPU per chip).
CMS = ColorSync Color Management System (Apple).
CMY = Cyan Magenta Yellow subtractive primary colors combination encoding model.
CMYK = Cyan Magenta Yellow blacK subtractive primary colors combination encoding model.
CNR = Communication and Networking Riser specification (Intel Pentium III/IV chipsets).
Co-op = Cooperative play or Cooperative video game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
COA = Certificate Of Authenticity (Microsoft OEM OS + software).
COBOL = COmmon Business Oriented Language.
CODEC = Digital video COmpressor and DECompressor (Intel Indeo).
COFF = Common Object File Format (Unix 32-bit + 64-bit).
COM = Serial COMmunication Port.
COM (2) = Component Object Model (Microsoft).
CON = CONsole (display).
CONFIG.SYS = CONFIGuration SYStem file.
Core = Intel Core CPUs family (x86 Yonah Pentium + Celeron).
Core 2 = Intel Core 2 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Merom/Conroe/Allendale/Penryn/Wolfdale Pentium + Celeron).
Core i3 = Intel Core i3 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Nehalem/Clarkdale/Arrandale).
Core i5 = Intel Core i5 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Nehalem/Lynnfield/Clarkdale/Arrandale).
Core i7 = Intel Core i7 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Bloomfield/Lynnfield/Clarksfield/Arrandale/Gulftown/Nehalem/Westmere/Sandy).
Core i9 = Intel Core i9 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Skylake/Coffee Lake/Cascade Lake/Comet Lake).
CORP = Competitive Online Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
CORPG = Competitive Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
CORS = Cross Origin Resource Sharing (HTTP header request attribute).
cps = Characters Per Second.
CPT = Corel Photo Paint image file format.
CPU = Central Processing Unit (processor).
CRC = Cyclical Redundancy Check.
CRT = Cathode Ray Tube.
CS = CompuServe.
CSC = Compact System photo Camera.
CSE = Client Side Encryption (sender side cryptography technology).
CSE (2) = Programmable Custom Search Engine (Google Search).
CSLIP = Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol.
CSP = Cryptographic Service Provider.
CSP (2) = Content Security Policy (HTTP security policy).
CSS = Cascading Style Sheets HTML specifications (W3C).
CSS1 = Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 1 (W3C).
CSS2 = Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 2 (W3C).
CUR = Microsoft Windows static CURsor graphic file.
CUT = Dr. Halo picture file.
D
D/C = Direct Current (continuous electrical current) (also DC).
D3D = DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
D&D = Dungeons & Dragons game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
DaaS = Desktop as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
DAC = Digital to Analog Converter.
Darknet = Publicly inaccessible anonymous, nonindexable (nonindexed) internet (see also Dark Web).
DAT = Digital Audio Tape.
dB = deciBel: 10 dB = 1 Bel.
DbaaS = Database as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
DBS = Digital Broadcasting System.
DBS (2) = Direct Broadcast Satellite (digital video/audio signal transmitted through geostationary orbiting satellite).
DC = Direct Current (continuous electrical current) (also D/C).
DCE = Distributed Computing Environment networking software system (Apollo/IBM/DEC).
DCE (2) = Data Communications Equipment (modem to modem speed).
DCH = Declarative Componentized Hardware drivers (Microsoft Windows 10/newer UWP compatible apps).
DDC = Display Data Channel.
DD-CD = Double Density Compact Disc: 1.3 GB (Sony).
DDE = Dynamic Data Exchange.
DDF = Diamond Directive File (Microsoft Windows Setup CAB/IEAK developer kits).
DDK = Driver Developers Kit (programming).
DDMA = Distributed Direct Memory Access technology.
DD-R = Double Density Compact Disc Recorder (Sony).
DD-ROM = Double Density Compact Disc Read Only Media (Sony).
DD-RW = Double Density Compact Disc Rewritable (Sony).
DDoS = Distributed Denial of Service (networks).
DoT = DNS over TLS network security protocol.
DDR-SDRAM = Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
DDSS = Dolby Digital Surround Sound Advanced Codec 3 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio).
Deep Web = Publicly inaccessible anonymous, nonindexable (nonindexed) internet (see also Darknet).
DEK = Data Encryption Key.
DES = Data Encryption Standard.
DFS = Distributed File System used by Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) (Apollo/IBM/DEC).
DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DHT = Distributed Hash Table (decentralized scalable data storage and lookup system based on unique key-value pairs).
DHTML = Dynamic HyperText Markup Language (W3C).
DIB = RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap.
DIB (2) = Dual Independent Bus architecture (Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/IV).
DIFx = Driver Install Frameworks technology (Microsoft).
DIG = Digital Imaging Group (now I3A).
DIMM = Dual In-line Memory Module.
DIN = Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards).
DIP = Dual In-line Package.
DisplayID = display/monitor data structure description (VESA standard) (also EDID).
DisplayPort = Digital display video interface, also DP (VESA).
DIVX = DIgital Video eXpress (discontinued Digital Versatile Disc technology).
DivX (2) = Digital Video eXpress encoder/decoder technology.
DIY = Do It Yourself (computer building, improving + repairing by hand).
DLC = Data Link Control (networking layer protocol).
DLC (2) = DownLoadable Content (computer/platform/video gaming).
DLL = Data Link Layer (digital transmission layer).
DLL (2) = DownLoadable Level (computer/platform/video gaming).
DLL (3) = Dynamic Link Library (Microsoft Windows).
DLNA = Digital Living Network Alliance multimedia devices digital media sharing interoperability guidelines (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard/Sony/Nokia/Philips/Cisco/Toshiba/Samsung).
DLP = Digital Light Processing technology, also DMD (Texas Instruments).
DLS = DownLoadable Sounds technology (PCI MIDI).
DMA = Direct Memory Access.
DMD = Digital Micromirror Device, also DLP (Texas Instruments).
DME = Direct Memory Execution (Intel I-740).
DMF = Distribution Media Format: high density Floppy Disk (Microsoft).
DMI = Desktop Management Interface.
DMTF = Desktop Management Task Force.
DNA = Distributed interNet Applications architecture (Microsoft Windows).
DnD = Dungeons and Dragons game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
DNG = Digital NeGative Adobe RAW image format based on TIFF 6.0 standard.
DNS = Domain Name System (or Service) (internet DN IP translator).
DOCSIS = Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification standards (ITU).
DOF = Depth Of Field (3D video, cinema, photography).
DOM = Document Object Model (W3C).
DOS = Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
DoS (2) = Denial of Service (networks).
DP = Digital display video interface, also DisplayPort (VESA).
DPI = Dots Per Inch.
DPLSS = DPLSS = Dolby Pro Logic Surround Sound 4.1 (4 + 1 = 5 channels) sound technology (3D audio).
DPMA = Dynamic Power Management Architecture (Intel PCI/AGP chipsets).
DPMI = DOS Protected Mode Interface.
DPMS = VESA Display Power Management Signaling (video).
DRAM = Dynamic Random Access Memory.
DR-DOS = DeviceLogics (Caldera Digital Research) Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
Drive-TIP = Drive Temperature Indicator Processor (IBM hard drive).
DRM = Digital Rights Management copy protection technologies.
DRP = Distribution and Replication Protocol.
DRW = Micrografx DRaW image file.
DS3D = DirectSound 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DSC = Digital Servo Control (Toshiba CD-ROM).
DSD = Direct Stream Digital pulse density modulation encoding (Sony/Philips).
DS/DD = Double Sided Double Density (Floppy Disk technology: 720 KB).
DS/HD = Double Sided High Density (Floppy Disk technology: 1.44 MB).
DSL = Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
DSLM = Digital Single Lens Mirrorless photo camera, also MILC (digital camera).
DSLR = Digital Single Lens Reflex photo camera (digital mirror prism camera).
DSP = Digital Signal Processor.
DSP (2) = Delivery Service Partner (OEM).
DSRC = Dedicated Short Range Communication technology, also RFID.
DSS = Digital Satellite System.
DSS (2) = Digital Signature Standard certificate.
DSVD = Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data.
DTD = Document Type Definition.
DTE = Data Terminal Equipment (modem to computer speed).
DTF = Distributed Terascale Facility high speed TeraGrid network (IBM/Qwest/Intel).
DTP = DeskTop Publishing.
DTR = Data Transfer Rate (throughput).
DTR (2) = Discrete Track Recording (Toshiba hard disk).
DTR (3) = Desktop Replacement Computer.
DTS = Digital Theater Systems discrete Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTS-ES = Digital Theater Systems Extended Surround discrete Dolby Digital 6.1 (6 + 1 = 7 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTS-HD = Digital Theater Systems High Definition discrete Dolby Digital 7.1 (7 + 1 = 8 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTT = Digital Terrestrial Television, also DTTV (Europe/Asia/South America).
DTTV = Digital Terrestrial TeleVision, also DTT (Europe/Asia/South America).
DTV = DeskTop Video.
DTV (2) = Digital Broadcast TeleVision.
DualDisc = Digital Versatile Disc (Audio)/Compact Disc two sided hybrid (Sony).
DUN = Dial-Up Networking (Microsoft Windows).
DVD = Digital Versatile (Video) Disc.
DVD-2 = Second generation Digital Versatile Disc drive.
DVD-A = Digital Versatile Disc Audio.
DVD-R = Digital Versatile Disc Recordable 4.7 GB (Hitachi/NEC/Pioneer/Samsung/Sharp).
DVD-RAM = Digital Versatile Disc Rewritable Access Media.
DVD-ROM = Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Media.
DVD-RW = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable 4.7 GB (Hitachi/NEC/Pioneer/Samsung/Sharp).
DVD+R = Digital Versatile Disc Recordable 4.7 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi/Sony/Ricoh/Yamaha).
DVD+RW = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable 4.7 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi/Sony/Ricoh/Yamaha).
DVD+R DL = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable Double Layer 8.5 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi).
DVI = Digital Video Interactive (Intel).
DVVD = Direct View Video Display (CRT/TV display).
DWPD = Device/Drive Writes Per Day (flash storage life expectancy).
DX = X86 Intel CPU with FPU (386/DX, 486/DX).
DX (2) = DirectX APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DX3D = DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DXF = AutoDesk picture File.
DXR2 = Dynamic eXtended Resolution 2 technology (Creative Labs DVD).
DXTC = S3 Direct3D Texture Compression APIs (S3 Savage3D/2000).
DXVA = DirectX Video Acceleration hardware video decoding (Microsoft Windows 98/newer).
E
E2EE = End to End Encryption (both ends encrypted communication system).
EAMR = Energy Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
EAP = Extensible Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
EAX = Environmental Audio EXtensions (Creative Labs Live!/Audigy/Extigy/X-Fi DirectSound 3D surround sound APIs).
EBDA = Extended BIOS Data Area.
EBIOS = Extended Basic Input/Output System.
EBML = Extensible Binary Meta Language (binary equivalent to XML).
EBR = Extended Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
ECC = Error Correction Code.
ECHS = Enhanced Cylinder/Head/Sector (hard drive > 1024 cylinders).
ECP = Extended Capabilities Port.
EDC = Error Detection Code.
EDGE = Explicit Data Graph Execution architecture (IBM CPUs).
EDI = Electronic Data Interchange.
EDID = Extended Display Identification Data (VESA standard) (also DisplayID).
EDO = Extended Data Out (DRAM).
EDRAM = Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory.
EECS = Enhanced Elliptical Correction System (Sony CRT).
EEPROM = Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EFI = Extensible Firmware Interface BIOS technology (Intel).
EGA = Extended Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x350 pixels, 350p) (IBM).
eGPU = External Graphics Processing Unit controller enclosure (Thunderbolt 3/newer).
EHD = Expert High Definition, also Expert HD, also 5K (digital TV standard: 2880 lines).
EIA = Electronics Industries Association.
EICA = Enhanced Intellight Cooler Architecture.
EIDE = Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (Hard Disk Drive interface).
EIS = Electronic Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
EISA = Extended Industry Standard Architecture.
EISCA = Enhanced Intelligent System Cooler Architecture (CPU heatsink).
ELF = Executable (Extensible) and Linkable file Format (Unix/Linux/BSD/Solaris 32-bit).
E-mail = Electronic mail (email).
EM64T = Extended Memory 64-bit Technology (Intel 64-bit CPUs).
EMB = Extended Memory Block.
EMBM = Environment Mapped Bump Mapping (Matrox G400/G800 3D chipsets).
EMBR = Extended Master Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
EMI = Electro-Magnetical Interference.
EMM = Expanded Memory Manager.
EMM386 = Microsoft 386 Expanded Memory Manager (EMM386.EXE).
eMMC = Embedded MultiMediaCard memory card storage standard.
EMS = Expanded Memory Specifications.
EOL = End of Life (product).
EOS = End of Sale (product).
EOTF = Electro-Optical Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
EPA = Environmental Protection Agency (USA).
EPBR = Extended Partition Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
EPIC = Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (Intel Itanium 2 CPUs).
ePMR = Energy Assisted Perpendicular Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
EPP = Enhanced Parallel Port.
EPROM = Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EPS = Encapsulated PostScript File.
ESA = European Space Agency (UE).
eSATA = External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive.
ESCD = Extended System Configuration Data (ROM BIOS).
ESD = ElectroStatic Discharge.
ESDI = Enhanced System Device Interface (hard disk).
ESDRAM = Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
ESP = E-mail Service Provider.
Ethernet = System of organized wired computer networking technologies consisting of standards, protocols, devices and connection methods.
eUFS = Embedded Universal Flash Storage flash memory storage technology (Samsung).
EULA = End User License Agreement (Microsoft).
EUV = Extreme UltraViolet lithography (micro electronics).
EVD = Enhanced Versatile (Video) Disc (China).
EVF = Electronic View Finder (cinema, photography).
EVR = Enhanced Video Renderer hardware video decoding (Microsoft Windows Vista/newer).
exFAT = Extended File Allocation Table 64-bit (HDD, SSD, NVMe, Flash + RAM storage media).
EXIF = EXchangeable Image File digital metadata standard (JEIDA/JEITA/CIPA).
ext = Linux extended File System (old standard).
ext2 = Linux extended File System v2.0 standard.
F
F2P = Free to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions.
FAST-20 = Fast SCSI-3 Parallel Interface technology.
FAT = File Allocation Table disk File System (Microsoft).
FAT12 = File Allocation Table 12-bit (MS-DOS 3.0x/4.0x).
FAT16 = File Allocation Table 16-bit (MS-DOS 5.00/6.xx).
FAT32 = File Allocation Table 32-bit (Windows 95B/newer).
FATA = Fibre Attached Technology Adapted Hard Disk Drive interface (Seagate/Hewlett Packard).
FB-DIMM = Fully Buffered Dual In-line Memory Module.
FCBS = File Control BlockS (Microsoft MS-DOS).
FC-AL = Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (Ultra Fast SCSI).
FCC = Federal Communications Commission (USA).
FC-PGA = Flip Chip Pin Grid Array package (Intel Pentium III/IV CPUs).
FC-PH = Fibre Channel PHysical and signaling interface (SCSI-3).
FD = Floppy Disk.
FDB = Fully Buffered DIMM Dynamic Random Access Memory technology (Intel Blackford Pentium IV chipsets).
FDC = Floppy Drive Controller.
FDD = Floppy Disk Drive.
FDDI = Fiber Distributed Data Interface.
FDX = Full DupleX (simultaneous bidirectional dual communication system).
FED = Field Emission Display.
FERAM = FerroElectric Dynamic Random Access Memory (Infineon/Toshiba).
FHD = Full High Definition, also Full HD, also 8K (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
FIFO = First In First Out.
FLAC = Free Lossless Audio Codec (compressed audio without loss of quality).
FM = Frequency Modulation radio frequency waves with high audio fidelity (high, very high + ultra high + super high frequency wave bands).
FMA = Fused Multiply Add extension to SIMD instruction set (built into the CPU).
FMD = Fluorescent Multilayer Optical technology (Constellation 3D).
FMD-ROM = Fluorescent Multilayer Disc Read Only Media (Constellation 3D 140 GB CD-ROM).
FMV = Full Motion Video.
FOSS = Free and Open Source Software.
FPD = Flat Panel Display.
FPE = File Protection Error.
FPGA = Field Programmable Gate Array (integrated circuit technology).
FPM = Fast Page Mode (DRAM).
fps = frames per second.
FPS (2) = First Person Shooter game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
FPTV = Front Projection TeleVision (TV display).
FPVD = Front Projection Video Display (TV display).
FPU = Floating Point Unit (coprocessor).
FRAM = Ferroelectric Random Access Memory.
Frame-buffer = 1st + 2nd dimensions/height + width/x + y axes memory (2D video).
FSAA = Full Screen Anti-Aliasing edge smoothing (3D video).
FSB = Front Side Bus (CPU to I/O motherboard bus).
FSF = Free Software Foundation (GNU).
FTP = File Transfer Protocol server client communications standard (ftp://).
FtP (2) = Free to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
FTPS = File Transfer Protocol Secure server client communications standard (ftps://) (SSL + TLS technologies).
Full-Duplex = Two way modem communication protocol (echo-plex).
FXT1 = Advanced Texture Compression technology (3dfx Voodoo4/5/6 3D video).
FYI = For Your Information.
G
GB = GigaByte (1 GB = 1024 MegaBytes = 1048576 KiloBytes).
GBps = GigaBytes per second.
gbps = gigabits per second.
GDDR-II = Graphics Double Data Rate Random Access Memory 2nd generation (NVIDIA GeForceFX).
GDDR-III = Graphics Double Data Rate Random Access Memory 3rd generation (ATI Radeon 9500/9700/9900).
GDI = Graphics Device Interface (Microsoft Windows).
GDR-SDRAM = Gigabyte Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
GEM = Ventura/GEM image file.
GIF = Graphics Interchange Format file (CompuServe).
Glide = 3dfx Voodoo family proprietary 3D APIs.
G.Lite = ITU G.992.2 1.4 Mbps Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (ADSL).
GM = General MIDI technology.
GM (2) = GameMaster or Game Master or Game Moderator (multiplayer/single player gaming).
GMR = Giant Magneto-Resistive effect (IBM hard drive technology).
GMT = Greenwich Mean Time (renamed UTC) international time standard.
GND = Graduated Neutral Density filter (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System.
GNU = GNU's Not UNIX.
GPF = General Protection Fault (Microsoft Windows).
GPL = General Public License (GNU).
GPS = Global Positioning System (satellite based radionavigation system).
GPT = GUID Partition Table (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage device partition table layout).
GPU = Graphics Processing Unit (NVIDIA GeForce family 2D/3D chipsets).
GTS = Giga Texel Shader (NVIDIA GeForce2/newer 3D technology).
GUI = Graphical User Interface (2D/3D computer/terminal/device platform interface) (also GUI).
GUID = Globally Unique IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (Microsoft software and hardware identification standard) (also IID + UUID).
GVIF = Gigabit Video InterFace (Sony LCD).
H
H.264 = H.264/AVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also AVC + X.264).
H.265 = H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also HEVC + X.265).
H.266 = H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also VVC + X.266).
H&S = Hack & Slash game or Hack & Slay game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
HAL = Hardware Abstraction Layer (Microsoft Direct3D virtual 3D video accelerator interface APIs).
Half-Duplex = One way modem communication protocol (simplex or local-echo).
HAMR = Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Seagate).
HAVi = Home Audio Video interoperability (entertainment APIs).
HBM = High Bandwidth Memory (AMD/Hynix).
HBM2 = High Bandwidth Memory 2nd generation (AMD/Hynix).
HBM3 = High Bandwidth Memory 2rd generation (AMD/Hynix).
HCD = Hyper CD-ROM 1 PB multilayer 3D optical compact disc (Storex).
HD = Hard Disk (Drive).
HD (2) = High Definition.
HDA = High reliability Hard Disk Assembly.
HD Audio = High Definition Audio (Intel).
HD VMD = High Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc technology (New Medium Enterprises).
HD-BURN = 1.4 GB CD-R/CD-RW technology (Sanyo).
HD-DVD = High Definition Digital Versatile Disc discontinued technology (Toshiba/NEC/Sanyo/Memory-Tech).
HDC = Hard Disk Controller.
HDCP = High bandwidth Digital Content Protection (Intel/Silicon Image).
HDD = Hard Disk Drive.
HDMI = High Definition Multimedia Interface digital surround audio and video interface (Hitachi/Matsushita/Philips/Sony/RCA/Toshiba).
HD-ROM = High Definition Read Only Media (Norsam Technology).
HD-SDI = High Definition Serial Digital Interface.
HD-SLR = High Definition Digital Single Lens Reflex photo camera with HD video recording.
HDR = High Dynamic Range 8 bits/sample optical imaging/video standard (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDR10 = High Dynamic Range 10 media profile 10 bits/sample color depth (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDR10+ = High Dynamic Range 10 Plus media profile 10 bits/sample color depth + dynamic metadata (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDSL = High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
HDSS = Holographic Data Storage System (IBM).
HDTV = High Definition TeleVision (digital TV standard: 1200 lines).
HDVD = High Definition Digital Video Disc (Sonic/Ravisent).
HDVP = High Definition Video Processor (NVIDIA GeForce2/3/4/FX 3D video chipsets).
HEDT = High End DeskTop high performance personal computers (Intel).
HEIF = High Efficiency Image File format based on H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG).
HEL = Hardware Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D virtual 3D video rasterization device).
HEVC = High Efficiency Video Coding H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.265 + X.265).
HF = High Frequency (decameter band) radio wave bands 3-30 MHz (ITU).
HFC = Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable system.
HFS = Hierarchical File System (MacOS CD-ROM).
HGL = Hewlett Packard Graphics Language image file.
Hi10P = High 10 Profile 10 bits/sample H.264 video compression standard (ITU).
HID = Human Interface Devices (computer peripherals).
HiDef = High Definition 24 frames/second progressive video (Sony/Panasonic) (also 24p).
HiFD = High density 200 MB Floppy Disk Drive technology (Sony/Fuji).
Hi-Fi = High Fidelity (audio/video technology).
HIMEM = Microsoft HIgh/Extended MEMory Manager (HIMEM.SYS).
HIPPI = HIgh Performance Parallel Interface (ANSI X3T9.3 technology).
HIPS = Host based Intrusion Prevention Systems (computer security monitoring).
HLG = Hybrid Log Gamma non linear optical imaging/video transfer function (High Dynamic Range standard) (BBC/NHK).
HLSL = High Level Shader Language (Microsoft DirectX 9 programming).
HKMG = High K Metal Gate dielectric (transistor technology) (Intel).
HMA = High Memory Area.
HnS = Hack and Slash game or Hack and Slay game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
HP = Hewlett Packard Corporation.
HPC = High Performance Computing.
HPC (2) = Handheld Personal Computer.
HPFS = High Performance File System (OS/2).
HSDRAM = High Speed Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
HSF = Heat Sink and Fan combo (computer components cooling).
HSI = High Speed Interconnect (CERN).
HSR = Hidden Surface Removal 3D polygon rendering (NVIDIA GeForce2/newer + 3dfx Voodoo5/6 3D video).
HSTS = HTTP Strict Transport Security (SSL + TLS technologies).
HTA = HTML Application (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
HTML = HyperText Markup Language (W3C).
HTML 4.01 = HyperText Markup Language 4.01 standard (W3C).
HTML5 = HyperText Markup Language 5.0 standard (W3C).
HTPC = Home Theater Personal Computer.
HTT = HyperText Template (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol half duplex computer communications standard (http://).
HTTPS = HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure half duplex computer communications standard (https://) (SSL + TLS technologies).
HUD = Heads Up Display.
HVD = High Voltage Differential technology (SCSI-2).
HVD (2) = Holographic Versatile Disc technology 1 TB (Optware).
HMC-DRAM = Hybrid Memory Cube Dynamic Random Access Memory (Samsung/Micron/Altera).
HyperTransport = I/O bus architecture: 64-bit, 133/266 MHz, 6.4 GB/sec (AMD).
Hz = Hertz (clock speed). 1 Hz = 1 clock cycle.
I
i-MLSE = Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (Sony/Panasonic Blu-Ray Disc Drive technology).
I2O = Intelligent Input/Output (I2O) specification (Intel).
I3A = International Imaging Industry Association (DIG + PIMA).
IA-32 = Intel Architecture 32-bit (32-bit CPUs).
IA-64 = Intel Architecture 64-bit (64-bit CPUs).
IaaS = Infrastructure as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
IANA = Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
IBIS = In Body Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IBM = International Business Machines Corporation.
IC = Interface Controller.
ICANN = Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
ICD = Installable Client Driver (Microsoft 3D video).
ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol.
ICMPv6 = Internet Control Message Protocol version 6.
ICO = ICOn graphic file (Microsoft Windows).
ICP = Internet Content Provider.
ICS = Internet Connection Sharing.
IDCT = Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (Digital Versatile Disc decoding).
IDE = Integrated Device (Drive) Electronics (Hard Disk Drive interface).
IDE (2) = Integrated Development Environment (software development).
IDPS = Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (computer security monitoring).
IE = Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser (IEXPLORE.EXE) [discontinued!].
IEAK = Microsoft Internet Explorer Administration Kit (Microsoft Windows Setup IExpress developer kit).
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission.
IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IEEE 1394 = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers FireWire peripheral devices high performance serial bus technology.
IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force.
IFF = Electronic Arts Image File.
IFS = Installable File System TCP/IP handles for Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
IFSHLP.SYS = Installable File System HeLPer device driver (Microsoft Windows).
IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (3 terminal power semiconductor device).
IGMP = Internet Group Management Protocol.
IH-BD = Intra Hybrid Blu-Ray Disc: 1 BD-ROM (Blu-Ray Disc Read Only Media) layer + 1 BD-RE (Blu-Ray Disc Rewrite) layer [single layer (25 GB)].
IHS = Integrated Heat Spreader technology (Intel X3x chipsets).
IID = Interface IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (software and hardware identification standard) (also GUID + UUID).
IIM = Information Interchange Model old digital media file structure and metadata standard (IPTC).
ILC = Interchangeable Lens photo Camera (digital camera).
ILDC = Interchangeable Lens Digital photo Camera (digital camera).
ILIS = In Lens Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IMA = Interactive Music Architecture (Microsoft).
IMAP = Internet Message Access Protocol (e-mail retrieval).
IMAP4 = Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (e-mail retrieval).
IMG = GEM Paint image file.
iNAND = Integrated flash memory embedded chip controller (SanDisk).
INF = Setup INFormation File (Microsoft Windows Setup).
INSIC = Information Storage Industry Consortium.
Intel = Intel Corporation.
Internet = Global system of interconnected computer networks using networking protocols to communicate and share data and information among networks (servers) and devices (clients).
InterNIC = Internet Network Information Center.
I/O = Input/Output.
ION = Integrated On-demand Network (Sprint FastBreak).
IoT = Internet of Things (network of embedded devices, vehicles, appliances).
IP = Internet Protocol.
IP (2) = Intellectual Property.
IPF = Invalid Page Fault (Microsoft Windows).
IPMI = Intelligent Platform Management Interface autonomous computer subsystem specifications (Intel).
IPTC = International Press Telecommunications Council.
IPTV = Internet Protocol TeleVision (Microsoft).
IPv4 = Internet Protocol version 4 (RFC791, 32-bit).
IPv6 = Internet Protocol version 6 (RFC1883, 128-bit).
IPX = Internetwork Packet EXchange (Novell Netware).
IPX/SPX = Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (Novell Netware).
IRC = Internet Relay Chat.
IrDA = Infrared Data Association.
IRQ = Interrupt ReQuest line.
IS = Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IS (2) = Image Stabilization (Canon/Olympus photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
ISA = Industry Standard Architecture.
ISA (2) = Instruction Set Architecture (computer architecture -> programming).
iSCSI = Internet Small Computers System Interface protocol (IETF).
ISDN = Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISEF = Instruction Set Extension Fabric (Stretch CPUs).
ISF = Imaging Science Foundation (video display technologies).
ISN = Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics CMOS transistor technology (IBM).
ISO = International Organization for Standardization (Organisation Internationale de Normalisation).
ISO 9660 = International Standard LOgical CD-ROM format (High Sierra).
ISP = Internet Service Provider.
ISV = Independent Software Vendor.
IT = Information Technology (computing industry).
ITMaaS = Information Technology Management as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
ITU = International Telecommunications Union (Union Internationale des Télécommunications).
IUPAC = International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
J
Java = Sun Microsystems/Oracle programming language.
JAR = Java ARchive file.
JDK = Java Developers Kit.
JEDEC = Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council.
JFC = Java Foundation Classes.
JFS = Journaling File System (Linux OS).
JIF = Joint Photographers Expert Group Image file.
JPEG = Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture format.
JPG = Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture file.
JRPG = Japanese Role Playing Game.
JS = JavaScript (programming language).
JSON = JavaScript Object Notation (JavaScript standard).
JVM = Java Virtual Machine (Microsoft Windows).
K
K56flex = Lucent/Rockwell 56 kbps analog modem transfer technology.
KB = KiloByte (1 KB = 1024 Bytes).
KBps = KiloBytes per second.
kbps = kilobits per second.
KNI = Intel Pentium III/IV CPUs MMX extensions (SSE/SSE2).
L
L1 = Level 1 cache (on CPU).
L2 = Level 2 cache (off CPU).
L2TP = Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol.
L3 = Level 3 cache (off CPU SMP).
LAN = Local Area Network.
LAPM = Link Access Protocol for Modems.
LARP = Live Action Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
LARPG = Live Action Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
LBA = Logical Block Addressing (Hard Disk Drive access).
LBM = DeLuxe Paint BitMap picture file.
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display (digital display).
LCoS = Liquid Crystal on Silicon (digital display).
LDAP = Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
LDIF = Lightweight Data Interchange Format (e-mail exchange technology).
LE = Linear Executable file format (DOS/Windows/WfWG 3.xx/95/98/ME 16-bit or 32-bit).
LED = Light Emitting Diode.
LEP = Light Emitting Polymers technology (CDT monitor).
LF = Low Frequency (kilometer band) radio wave bands 30-300 KHz (ITU).
LFB = Linear Frame Buffer (2D video).
LFE = Low Frequency Effects bass subwoofer channel, part of digital surround sound (3D audio).
LFN = Long File Name (247.8 = Microsoft Windows 32-bit and 64-bit).
LFO = Low Frequency Oscillator.
LH = LoadHigh (Microsoft MS-DOS).
Lightnet = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Surface Web, Visible Web).
LIM = Lotus, Intel and Microsoft expanded/extended memory specifications.
LIMAD = LInear MAgnetic Drive speaker technology (Soundmatters).
Linux = Linus Torvalds' GPL (free, open source) Operating System based on UNIX OS.
LLC = Logical Link Control sublayer (digital transmission layer).
LLTD = Link Layer Topology Discovery proprietary networking protocol (Microsoft).
LMDS = Local Multipoint Distribution Service.
LPC = Low Pin Count interface specification (Intel).
LPT = Line PrinTer.
LTO = Linear Tape-Open technology (IBM/Hewlett Packard/Seagate).
LSP = Layered Service Provider Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
LVD = Low Voltage Differential (SCSI-2).
LZ77 = Lempel and Ziv 1977 compression algorithm.
LZMA = Lempel, Ziv and Markov chain compression Algorithm (7-Zip/7Z format).
LZW = Lempel, Ziv and Welch compression algorithm (GIF graphic format).
LZX = Lempel and Ziv eXtended compression algorithm (Microsoft CAB format).
M
M.2 = mSATA 2nd generation (also NGFF) SSD interface standard (also SATA Express, also SATAe).
MA = Master of Arts (Latin: Magister Artium), also AM (graduate level academic degree).
MAC = Media (Medium) Access Control address (networked hardware unique ID) (IEEE digital transmission layer standard).
MAC (2) = MAC Paint picture file.
MacOS = MacIntosh Operating System (Apple).
Malware = Malicious Software (viruses, worms, trojans, zombies, bots, spyware, ransomware).
MAMR = Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network.
MAPI = Messaging Application Programming Interface (Microsoft e-mail).
MB = MegaByte (1 MB = 1024 KiloBytes = 1048576 bytes).
MBaaS = Mobile Backend as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
MBOA = Multiband OFDM Alliance (UWB technologies).
MBps = MegaBytes per second.
mbps = megabits per second.
MBR = Master Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes < 2 TB).
MCA = Multilink Channel Aggregation technology (Microsoft Windows).
MCD = Mini Client Driver (Microsoft 3D).
MCGA = Multi Color Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x480 pixels, 480p) (IBM).
MCI = Media Control Interface.
MCP = Microsoft Certified Professional.
MD5 = Message Digest algorithm 5 128-bit encryption (cryptography).
MDA = Modular Digital Architecture.
MDI = Multiple Document Interface.
MDRAM = Multibank Dynamic Random Access Memory (MoSys).
MF = Medium Frequency (hectometer band) radio wave bands 300 KHz-3 MHz (ITU).
MFA = Multi Factor Authentication (electronic authentication method).
MFC = Microsoft Foundation Classes (C++ classes library).
MGA = Monochrome Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (IBM).
MHL = Mobile High Definition Link mobile to audio/video interface (Nokia/Samsung/Silicon Image/Sony/Toshiba).
MHTML = MIME Encapsulation of Aggregate HyperText Markup Language Documents (W3C).
MHz = MegaHertz (1 MHz = 1000 KHz = 1000000 Hz).
Microsoft = Microsoft Corporation.
MIDI = Musical Instrument Digital Interface technology.
MIGFET = Multiple Independent Gate Field Effect Transistor (Motorola).
MILC = Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens photo Camera, also DSLM (digital camera).
MIME = Multipurpose (Multipart) Internet Mail Extensions.
MIP = Multum In Parvum texture mapping (3D video).
MIPS = Millions of Instructions per Second (CPU).
MIT = Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
ML-R = MultiLevel Compact Disc Recorder 2 GB (TDK).
ML-RW = MultiLevel Compact Disc ReWritable 2 GB (TDK).
MLA = Modern Languages Association.
MLC = Multi (Two) Level Cell 2 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
MLPPP = MultiLink Point to Point Protocol.
MMA = MIDI Manufacturers Association.
MMC = MultiMediaCard memory card storage standard (SanDisk/Siemens).
MMO = Massively Multiplayer Online game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMOFPS = Massively Multiplayer Online First Person Shooter game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMOG = Massively Multiplayer Online Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMORP = Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMORPG = Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMVF = MultiMedia Video Format (NEC DVD).
MMX = MultiMedia eXtensions (Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPUs instructions).
MMX2 = Intel Pentium II/III/IV CPUs MultiMedia eXtensions 2nd generation (see KNI).
MO = Magneto-Optical drive.
MOBA = Multiplayer Online Battle Arena game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
modem = MOdulator/DEModulator (data to analog/digital converter/transmitter/receiver).
MODS = Multiplexed Optical Data Storage 1 TB CD/DVD technology (Imperial College London).
MOOC = Massive Online Open Course game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MORPG = Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MOSG = Massive Online Serious Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MOV = QuickTime MOVie file (Apple).
MP3 = MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 compression/format technology.
MPC = Multimedia Personal Computer.
MPEG = Motion Picture Expert Group.
MPEG-1 = Motion Picture Expert Group v1 audio/video compression technology.
MPEG-2 = Motion Picture Expert Group v2 audio/video compression technology.
MPEG-4 = Motion Picture Expert Group v4 audio/video compression technology.
MPG = Motion Picture Expert Group compressed image file format.
MPGA = Micro Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU).
MR = Magneto-Resistive head technology (Hard Disk Drive).
MRAM = Magneto-Resistive Random Access Memory (IBM/Infineon).
MRX = Magneto-Resistive EXtended head technology (IBM Hard Disk Drive).
µs = Microsecond (1/1000000 = 1 millionth of a second).
MS = Master of Science (Latin: Scientiae Magistrum), also SM (graduate level academic degree).
MS (2) = MicroSoft Corporation.
MS IE = MicroSoft Internet Explorer web browser (IEXPLORE.EXE) [discontinued!].
MS-DOS = MicroSoft Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
MSaaS = Managed Software as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
mSATA = Mobile Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive.
MSCDEX = MicroSoft Compact Disk EXtensions device driver (MSCDEX.EXE).
MSD = MicroSoft Diagnostics (MSD.EXE).
MSKB = MicroSoft Knowledge Base.
MSO = Multiple Service Operator [voice (telephone), data (internet, network), video (television, conferencing) providers].
MSP = MicroSoft Paint picture file.
MSRP = Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price.
MSS = Maximum Segment Size (internet protocol).
MTBF = Mean Time Between Failures measured in hours (computer components).
MTF = Modulation Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
MTOM = Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (W3C).
MTT = MultiTransaction Timer (PCI).
MTTF = Mean Time To Failure measured in hours (computer components).
MTTR = Mean Time To Repair measured in hours (computer components).
MTU = Maximum Transmission Unit (internet protocol).
MUD = Multi User Domain.
MUD (2) = Multi User Dungeon or Multi User Dimension or Multi User Domain game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MVA = Multidomain Vertical Alignment technology (LCD screen).
MVG = Multiplayer Video Game.
MVP = Microsoft Most Valuable Professional.
MZ = Mark Zbikowski DOS executable file format (DOS 16-bit).
N
NA = Numerical Aperture (optics physics).
NAC = Network Admissions Control technology (Cisco).
NAK = Negative AcKnowlegement (modem response).
NAND = Negated AND, NO AND electronic logic gate (NAND flash memory).
NAP = Network Access Protection technology (Microsoft).
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA).
NAT = Network Address Translation (networking technology).
NBA = Network Behavior Analysis (network traffic monitoring).
NBT = NetBIOS over TCP/IP (network protocol).
NC = Network Computer.
NCQ = Native Command Queuing protocol (Serial ATA Hard Disk Drive).
ND = Neutral Density filter (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
NDI = Network Device Interface (networking).
NDIS = Network Driver Interface Specification layer (networking) (Microsoft/3Com).
NE = New Executable file format (DOS/Windows/WfWG 3.xx 16-bit).
NEF = Nikon Electronic RAW image Format (Nikon).
NetBEUI = NetBios Extended (Enhanced) User Interface (networking).
NetBIOS = Network Basic Input Output System (LAN APIs).
NetBT = NetBIOS over TCP/IP (network protocol).
NetRoom = Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE).
NFC = Near Field Communication (simplified data exchange standard).
NFP = Not For Profit.
NFS = Network File System.
NFT = Non Fungible Token (unique unit of data stored on a blockchain).
NGFF = Next Gen Form Factor, also M.2 (mSATA 2nd generation) SSD interface standard (also SATA Express, also SATAe).
NGI = Next Generation Internet foundation.
NIC = Network Interface Card.
NIC (2) = Networked Information Center.
NIPS = Network based Intrusion Prevention Systems (network security monitoring).
NIST = National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA).
(*)nix = Linux (UNIX like) family of GPL (free, open source) Operating Systems.
NLP = Natural Language Processing.
NNTP = Network News Transfer Protocol (USENET messaging).
NOS = Network Operating System.
NPC = Non Playable Character (computer/platform/video gaming).
NRAM = Non-volatile Random Access Memory, also NVRAM.
ns = Nanosecond (1/1000000000 = 1 billionth of a second).
NSR = NVIDIA Shading Rasterizer (GeForce2/3/4/FX 3D chipsets).
NTFS = New Technology File System 32-bit (Windows NT/newer).
NTP = Network Time Protocol (atomic clock server technology).
NTSC = National Television Systems Committee (USA TV standard: 525 lines).
NTx = Microsoft Windows New Technology (NT) version x based OSes: NT + newer.
NUC = Next Unit of Computing (Intel small form factor PC).
NUMA = Non Uniform Memory Access multiprocessing technology.
NVIDIA = NVIDIA Corporation.
NVMe = Non Volatile Memory Express (mSATA/SATAe SSDs).
NVMHCI = Non Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (mSATA/SATAe).
NVRAM = Non Volatile Random Access Memory, also NRAM.
O
OAW = Optically Assisted Winchester hard disk technology (Seagate).
OCR = Optical Character Recognition.
ODBC = Open DataBase Connectivity.
ODI = Open Data-Link Interface (networking) (Apple/Novell).
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer.
OGL = OpenGL (see OpenGL).
OIS = Optical Image Stabilization (FujiFilm/Panasonic photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OLE = Object Linking and Embedding (Microsoft Windows).
OLED = Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Toshiba).
OLGA = Organic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium III CPU).
OLPC = One Laptop Per Child foundation.
ONFI = Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group (NAND flash memory standards).
OLPF = Optical Low Pass Filter, also Anti Aliasing filter (digital camera).
OOB = Out Of Band.
OpenGL = Silicon Graphics Open Graphical Language technology (32-bit 3D graphics/video architecture layout/APIs).
OpenGVS = Open Gemini Visual System 3D APIs technology.
OPS = Open Profiling Standard.
OptiNAND = Flash enhanced hard disk drive architecture (Western Digital).
ORPG = Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
OS = Operating System (computer boot + core software interface).
OS (2) = Optical Stabilizer (Sigma photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OS/2 = IBM Operating System/2.
OSD = Open Software Distribution.
OSD (2) = On Screen Display.
OSDN = Open Source Technology Group (formerly Open Source Developers Network).
OSI = Open Systems Interconnection model (communications system layering) (ISO).
OSR1 = Microsoft Windows 95a OEM Service Release 1.
OSR2 = Microsoft Windows 95B/95C OEM Service Release 2.0/2.1/2.5.
OSR 2.0 = Microsoft Windows 95B OEM Service Release 2.0.
OSR 2.1 = Microsoft Windows 95B OEM Service Release 2.1.
OSR 2.5 = Microsoft Windows 95C OEM Service Release 2.5.
OSR 2.x = Microsoft Windows 95B/95C OEM Service Release 2.x.
OSS = Optical Steady Shot (Sony photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OSTA = Optical Storage Technology Association.
OSTG = Open Source Technology Group (formerly Open Source Developers Network).
OTF = OpenType Font cross platform format (Adobe/Microsoft).
OTF (2) = Optical Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
OTG = On The Go USB interface (Apple/Hewlett Packard/Intel/Microsoft/NEC).
OTS = Over The Shoulder game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
OTT = Over The Top (direct to internet multimedia distribution service).
OVF = Optical View Finder (cinema, photography).
P
P II = Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes Xeon + Celeron).
P III = Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Tualatin Xeon + Celeron).
P IV = Intel Pentium IV CPU (80686 Willamette/Northwood Xeon + Celeron).
P2P = Peer to Peer data sharing computing/networking architecture.
P2P (2) = Point to Point connection communications/networking protocol.
P3P = Platform for Privacy Preferences (W3C).
P5 = Intel Pentium/Pro CPU (80586).
P6 = Intel Pentium II/III/IV CPU (80686).
PaaS = Platform as a Service on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server).
PAE = Physical Address Extensions (Intel 8XX chipsets with > 4 GB RAM).
PAL = Phase Alternate Line (European TV standard: 625 lines).
PAM = Pulse Amplitude Modulation digital data analog signal transmission.
Panose = Typeface font matching system (Hewlett Packard).
PAP = Password Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
PAT = Port Address Translation (network/internet IP address).
PAT (2) = Performance Acceleration Technology (Intel 865/875 Pentium IV chipsets).
PATA = Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment Hard Disk Drive.
PBC = Pipeline Burst Cache.
PBM = Portable BitMap UNIX picture file.
PBSRAM = Pipeline Burst Static Random Access Memory (Intel CPU L2 cache).
PBX = Private Branch Exchange (telephony switching systems).
PC = Personal Computer (a.k.a. IBM PC/AT clone).
PC (2) = Playable Character (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PC99 = PC 1999 System Design Guide (Intel/Microsoft).
PCAV = Progressive Constant Angular Velocity (Compact Disc).
PCB = Printed Circuit Board.
PCD = Kodak Photo CD image file.
PCD (2) = Protein-Coated Disc optical storage technology (Harvard Medical School/NEC).
PCI = Peripheral Component Interconnect bus architecture: 32-bit 33/66 MHz (Intel).
PCI 2.1 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.1 technology: 32-bit 33/66 MHz (Intel).
PCI 2.2 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.2 technology: 32-bit 33/66/133 MHz (Intel).
PCI 3.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 3.0 technology (3GIO or PCI Express): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell).
PCI Express = Peripheral Component Interconnect Express technology (3GIO or PCI 3.0): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell), also PCIe, also PCI-X.
PCI-SIG = Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group.
PCI-X = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 133 MHz 6 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCI-X 2.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 266/533 MHz 12/24 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCI-X 3.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 533/1066 MHz 24/48 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCIe = Peripheral Component Interconnect Express technology (3GIO or PCI 3.0): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell), also PCI Express, also PCI-X.
PCL = Printer Control Language.
PCM = Pulse Code Modulation.
PCMCIA = Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.
PCS = Personal Communications Service.
PCX = Zsoft PC Paintbrush Picture file.
PCX (2) = 3GIO or PCI Express or PCIe (see above).
PDA = Personal Digital Assistant.
PDAF = Phase Detection Auto Focus (cinema, photography).
PDF = Portable Document Format file (Adobe Acrobat).
PDP = Parallel Data Processing (Intel I-740).
PE = Portable Executable file format (Microsoft Windows 32-bit + 64-bit and ReactOS).
pel = Picture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color TV), also pixel.
Pentium = Intel Pentium CPU (80586).
Pentium Pro = Intel Pentium Pro CPU (80586).
Pentium II = Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes Xeon + Celeron).
Pentium III = Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Tualatin Xeon + Celeron).
Pentium IV = Intel Pentium IV CPU (80686 Willamette/Northwood Xeon + Celeron).
PERL = Practical Extraction and Report Language (programming).
PFPT = Pure Flat Picture Tube.
PGM = Portable GrayMap UNIX picture file.
PGN = Portable Game Notation (chess game text/ASCII computer processible format).
PGP = Pretty Good Privacy (encryption scheme).
PhD = Doctor of Philosophy (Latin: Philosophiae Doctor), also Ph.D., also DPhil (highest level academic degree).
PHD (2) = Pro High Definition, also Pro HD, also 6K (digital TV standard: 3160 lines).
PHP = Hypertext PreProcessor (free, open source) scripting HTML language (dynamic, server based).
PHY = PHYsical Layer electronic circuit network interface connector (OSI model).
PIC = Programmable Interrupt Controller.
PIC (2) = Lotus PICtor/PC Paint picture file.
PID = Product IDentification number (Microsoft OS + software).
PIF = Program Information File (Microsoft Windows 16-bit and 32-bit).
PII = Personally Identifiable Information, a.k.a. personal data (information technology security).
PIM = Personal Information Manager.
PIMA = Photographic and Imaging Manufacturers Association (now I3A).
PIN = Personal Identification Number (numerical code used in electronic transactions to verify identity for added security).
PING = Improperly called Packet InterNet Groper (network/internet packet transmitting/receiving tool).
PIO = Programmed Input/Output.
pixel = PIcture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color CRT), also pel.
PLA = Physical Layer Architecture (computer networking).
PLC = Power Line Communications technology (networking/internet broadband).
PLC (2) = Penta Level Cell 5 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
PLEDM = Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory (Hitachi).
PLGA = Plastic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium II CPU).
PLL = Phase Locked Loop (CPU clock multiplier chip).
PM = Post Meridiem (Latin), also P.M. time convention (after midday, after 12:00:00 o'clock noon).
PMP = Portable Music (Multimedia) Player.
PMR = Perpendicular Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Toshiba).
PMTU = Path Maximum Transmission Unit (internet protocol).
PNG = Portable Network Graphics file.
PNI = Prescott New Instructions (Intel Prescott CPU 13 instructions).
PnP = Plug and Play technology.
POP = Post Office Protocol (e-mail exchange technology).
PoP (2) = Point of Presence.
POP3 = Post Office Protocol version 3 (e-mail exchange technology).
POST = Power On Self Test (BIOS).
POTS = Plain Old Telephone Service.
PPGA = Plastic Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel Pentium II CPU).
PPI = Precise Pixel Interpolation (Intel I-740 2D/3D chipset).
PPM = Portable PixelMap picture file (UNIX).
PPP = Point to Point Protocol.
PPTP = Point to Point Tunneling Protocol.
PPU = Physics Processing Unit (PhysX Ageia).
PRI = Primary Rate Interface.
PRML = Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (IBM Hard Disk Drive technology).
PRN = PRiNter port.
PS = Personal Server (Intel portable computer).
PS/2 = IBM Personal System/2 computer.
PSD = RGB indexed PhotoShop image file (Aldus).
PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network.
PvE = Player versus Environment (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PvM = Player versus Monster (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PvP = Player versus Player (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PVR = Personal Video Recorder (TV analog to digital).
PWA = Progressive Web Application (App) (common web technologies web browser software).
PXE = Preboot eXecution (Pre-eXecution) Environment network interface (Intel/Systemsoft).
Q
QBE = Query By Example.
QD-LED = Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode.br /> QD-OLED = Quantum Dot Organic Light Emitting Diode.br /> QDR-SDRAM = Quad Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
QEMM = Quarterdeck Systems 386 Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM386.SYS).
QFHD = Quad Full High Definition 3840x2160 screen resolution (monitors + UHDTV).
QLC = Quad Level Cell 4 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
QoS = Quality of Service (internet server based technology).
QPU = Quantum Processing Unit (quantum computer central processor).
QR Code = Quick Response Code (two dimensional machine readable optical encoded digital matrix label/identifier/locator bar code).
R
RaaS = Ransomware as a Service (see ransomware).
RAID = Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Independent) Disks.
RAM = Random Access Memory.
RAMDAC = Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter.
Ransomware = Ransom Software (encryptors/crypto, lockers, scareware, doxware, leakware, RaaS).
RARP = Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
RAS = Raster image file (Sun Microsystems).
RAS (2) = Row Access Strobe.
RAS (3) = Remote Access Service (Microsoft Windows NT/newer).
RAVE = Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine (Apple).
RAW = Unencoded pixel data image file.
RDF = Resource Description Framework metadata data model (W3C/Netscape).
RDRAM = Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory.
REG = REGistry file format (Microsoft Windows).
Registry = Microsoft Windows Registry database.
RegEdit = Microsoft Windows Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE).
RegEdt32 = Microsoft Windows NTx Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE).
RFC = Request for Comments (internet standards).
RFI = Radio Frequency Interference.
RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification technology, also DSRC.
RGB = Red Green Blue additive primary colors combination encoding model.
RIA = Rich Internet Application (desktop applications ported to the WWW).
RIFF = Resource Interchange File Format generic file container format (Microsoft/IBM).
RIMM = Rambus Inline Memory Module.
RISC = Reduced Instruction Set Computing (CPU).
RIVA = Real Time Interactive Video and Animation (NVIDIA 3D).
RLE = Run Length Encoded graphic file (CompuServe/Microsoft).
RM386 = Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE).
ROM = Read Only Memory.
ROT13 = ROTation by 13 letters of the alphabet (encryption scheme).
RPC = Remote Procedure Calls.
RPG = Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
rpm = Rotations per Minute.
rps = Requests per Second.
RPTV = Rear Projection TeleVision.
RSA = Rivest, Shamir and Adleman cryptographic asymmetric encryption algorithm (data security).
RSS = Really Simple Syndication = RDF (Rich) Site Summary (XML news reader).
RTC = Real Time Clock (BIOS).
RTF = Rich Text Format (Microsoft Word document).
RTFM = Read The F@#king Manual!
RTM = Released To Manufacturing (Microsoft product retail/final/gamma/Gold release).
RTS = Real Time Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
RTW = Released To Web (Microsoft product retail/final/gamma/Gold release).
RWIN = Receive WINdow (internet protocol).
S
S3TC = S3 Texture Compression architecture (S3 Savage3D/2000).
SaaS = Software as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
SACD = Super Audio Compact Disc (Sony/Philips).
SAS = Serial Attached SCSI Hard Disk Drive.
SATA = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive (Western Digital).
SATA Express = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Express PCIe based SSD interface standard, also SATAe (also M.2/mSATA, also NGFF).
SATA-150 = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 150 MB/second tranfer rate Disk Drive (Western Digital).
SATA-300 = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 300 MB/second tranfer rate Disk Drive (Intel).
SATAe = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Express PCIe based SSD interface standard, also SATA Express (also M.2, also NGFF).
SBK = EMU Sound Font BanK v1.0 (Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound cards).
Scamware = Scamming Software (dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious).
Sci-Fi = Science Fiction (genre).
SCSI = Small Computers System Interface Hard Disk Drive.
SCSI-1 = Small Computers System Interface 1 specifications.
SCSI-2 = Small Computers System Interface 2 specifications.
SCSI-3 = Small Computers System Interface 3 specifications.
SD = Secure Digital memory mass storage removable media cards (SanDisk/Panasonic/Matsushita/Toshiba).
SDDS = Sony Dynamic Digital Sound 7.1 (7 + 1 = 8 channels) theater sound technology (3D audio).
SDHC = Secure Digital High Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SDK = Software Developers Kit (programming).
SDR = Standard Dynamic Range 8 bits/sample optical imaging/video standard (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
SDRAM = Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
SDS = Satellite Data Service.
SDSL = Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
SDUC = Secure Digital Ultra Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SDX = Storage Data Acceleration (Western Digital).
SDXC = Secure Digital EXtended Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SECAM = SEquential Couleur Avec Mémoire (SEquential Color With Memory) (French TV standard: 625 lines).
SECC = Single Edge Contact Cartridge (Intel Pentium II CPU).
SECC2 = Single Edge Contact Cartridge 2 (Intel Pentium III CPU).
SED = Surface Conduction Electron Emitter flat screen Display (Canon/Toshiba).
SED (2) = Self Extraction Directive File (Microsoft Windows Setup IEAK developer kit).
SEL = Software Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D).
SEPP = Single Edge Processor Package (Intel Celeron CPU).
Serial ATA = Ultra Serial ATA 1500 v1.0 Hard Disk Interface: 1.5 Gb/sec (Western Digital).
SERP = Search Engine Results Page (internet).
SET = Secure Electronic Transaction technology.
SF2 = EMU Sound Font Bank v2.0 (Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound cards).
SFF = Small Form Factor (motherboard form factor).
SFN = Short File Name (8.3 = MS-DOS 16-bit).
SFTP = SSH (Secure) File Transfer Protocol server client communications standard (IETF) (SSL + TLS technologies).
SGI = Silicon Graphics Incorporated.
SGML = Standard Generalized Markup Language (W3C).
SGRAM = Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory.
SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm encryption (cryptography) (NSA).
SHDSL = Single pair High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
SHMUP = SHoot 'eM UP game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SHV = Super Hi-Vision, also UHD, also UHDTV, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu). Digital TV/Video technology, 16:9 (7680x4320 pixels, 4320p), 60 frames/sec, 21 GHz frequency band, 24 Gb/sec uncompressed or 128 Mb/sec MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 compressed signal, 22.2 digital surround audio channels.
SIM = SIMulation game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SIMD = Single Instruction Multiple Data stream (Intel Pentium/newer CPUs multimedia streaming instructions).
SIMM = Single In-line Memory Module.
SL-DRAM = Synchronous Layout Dynamic Random Access Memory (Siemens/Micron).
SL-HDR1 = SDR to HDR media profile using static and dynamic metadata (STMicroelectronics/Philips/CableLabs/Technicolor).
SLC = Subscriber Line Charge.
SLC (2) = Single Level Cell 1 bit/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
SLDRAM = Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (Hyundai).
SLI = Scan Line Interleave technology (2 or more 3dfx Voodoo2/3/4/5/6 chipsets on same video controller).
SLIP = Serial Line Internet Protocol.
SLM = Spatial Light Modulator.
SLR = Single Lens Reflex photo camera (mirror prism camera).
SMART = Self Monitoring Analysis Reporting Technology (hard disk).
SMB = Server Message Block (Microsoft sharing protocol).
SMDS = Switched MultiMegabit Data Service.
SMIL = Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C).
SMP = Symmetrical MultiProcessing technology.
SMPTE = Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.
SMR = Shingled Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Seagate/Hitachi).
SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (e-mail exchange technology).
SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol.
S/NR = Signal to Noise Ratio.
SOAP = Simple Object Access Protocol (W3C internet technology, uses XML).
SO-DIMM = Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module connector.
SoC = System on a Chip (single dedicated analog/digital integrated circuit).
SOHO = Small Office/Home Office.
SOI = Silicon On Insulator CPU technology (Intel).
Spam = Unsolicited, unwanted, dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious, junk ad(vertising) e-mail.
Spamware = Spamming Software (see spam).
SPD = Serial Presence Detection (EEPROM).
S/PDIF = Sony/Philips Digital Interchange Format (digital audio surround interface).
SPF = Sender Policy Framework (e-mail exchange technology).
SPI = Stateful Packet Inspection (networking).
SPI (2) = Sensitive Personal Information, a.k.a. personal data (information technology security).
SPI (3) = Service Provider Interface (3rd party API/programming extension).
SPI-2 = SCSI Parallel Interface 2 technology (SCSI-3).
SPI-3 = SCSI Parallel Interface 3 technology (SCSI-3).
SPP = Standard Parallel Port.
SPTI = SCSI Pass Through Interface.
SPX = Sequenced Packet Exchange (Novell Netware).
Spyware = Spying Software (malware, ransomware, adware, trojans, beacons, monitoring, fingerprinting, tracking, hijacking, spoofing, leaking, auditing).
SQL = Structured Query Language.
SRAM = Static Random Access Memory.
sRGB = 32-bit Red Green Blue additive primary colors combination encoding technology (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard).
sRGB64 = 64-bit Red Green Blue double precision additive primary colors combination encoding technology (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard).
SRPG = Simulation Role Playing Game or Strategy Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SSA = Serial Storage Architecture bus/interface (device/peripheral).
SSD = Solid State memory Disk (RAM drives).
SSDP = Simple Service Discovery Protocol.
SSE = Streaming SIMD Extensions (Intel Pentium III/newer CPUs 70 instructions).
SSE2 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 2 (Intel Pentium IV/newer CPUs 144 instructions).
SSE3 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 3 (Intel Pentium IV/newer CPUs 157 instructions).
SSE4 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 4 (Intel Core/AMD K8/newer dual/multicore CPUs 54 instructions).
SSH = Secure Shell Protocol secure cryptographic encrypted network protocol.
SSHD = Solid State Hybrid Drive (RAM and hard drives).
SSL = Secure Sockets Layer (cryptographic encrypted network protocol).
SSLv2 = Secure Sockets Layer version 2 (cryptographic encrypted network protocol).
SSR = Super Scalar Rendering (3D video).
STA = SCSI Trade Association.
STD/VR = STanDard Voltage Regulator (CPU).
STG = ShooTing Game or Shoot Them up Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
STM = Scanning Tunneling Microscope.
Super AMOLED = Super Active Matrix Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Samsung).
Surface Web = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Lightnet, Visible Web).
SVCD = Super Video Compact Disc (enhanced MPEG-1 encoding).
SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics XML 2D graphics language (W3C).
SVGA = Super Video Graphics Array standard (800x600 pixels, 600p).
SVoD = Subscription based Video on Demand (membership based multimedia distribution service).
SX = X86 Intel CPU without FPU (386/SX, 486/SX).
SXGA = Super EXtended Graphics Array standard (1400x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also SXVGA).
SXGA+ = Super EXtended Array Plus standard (1280x1024 pixels, 1024p) (also SXVGA+).
SXVGA = Super EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1400x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also SXGA).
SXVGA+ = Super EXtended Video Graphics Array Plus standard (1280x1024 pixels, 1024p) (also SXGA+).
Sync SRAM = Synchronous burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache).
T
T&L = Transform & Lighting (3D video).
T-Buffer = Multiple Frame Buffer rendering engine (3dfx Voodoo4/5/6 3D).
TAPI= Telephony Application Programming Interface.
TAR = Tape ARchive file format (Linux/Unix).
TB = TeraByte (1 TB = 1024 GigaBytes = 1048576 MegaBytes).
TBS = Turn Based Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TBW = TeraBytes Written (flash storage life expectancy).
TCG = Trading Card Game (board/role playing gaming).
TCL = Transform, Clipping & Lighting (ATI 3D video).
TCO = Total Cost of Ownership (business IT).
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol.
TCP/IP = Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TD = Tower Defense game (computer/platform/video gaming).
TDMR = Two Dimensional Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (INSIC).
TEC = ThermoElectric Cooler (Peltier effect).
Texel = Bilinear TEXtured pixEL (3D video).
TFA = Two Factor Authentication, also 2FA (electronic authentication method).
TFT = Thin Film Transistor (active matrix display).
TFTP = Trivial File Transfer Protocol.
TGA = TrueVision Graphic file (Targa).
THD = Total Harmonic Distortion.
Thunderbolt = PCIe + DP serial hardware interface (Apple/Intel).
THX = Tomlinson Holman's eXperiment theater Hi-Fi audio/video standard (LucasFilm Home/Cinema: George Lucas' first film: "THX 1138").
THX EX = Tomlinson Holman's eXperiment EXtended theater Hi-Fi audio/video extended standard (LucasFilm Home/Cinema: George Lucas' first film: "THX 1138").
TIFF = Tagged Image File Format (Aldus).
TLC = Triple Level Cell 3 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
TLD = Top Level Domain (internet domain name suffix: .com, .org, .net, etc).
TLR = Twin Lens Reflex photo camera (mirror prism camera).
TLS = Transport Layer Security secure network protocol.
TMDS = Transition Minimized Differential Signaling DVI + HDMI high speed serial data technology (Silicon Image).
TMM = Terabit Molecular Memory technology (Toshiba DVD).
TNT = TwiN Texel processing engine (NVIDIA RIVA TNT 2D/3D).
TNT2 = TwiN Texel 2 processing engine (NVIDIA RIVA TNT2 2D/3D).
TPA = Third Party Authenticator (electronic authentication method).
TPS = Third Person Shooter game (computer/platform/video gaming).
TPU = Texture Processing Unit (3dfx Voodoo family 3D chipsets).
TRIPS = Tera-op Reliable Intelligently adaptive Processing System (IBM CPUs).
TRP = Tactical Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TRPG = Tactical Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TRPG (2) = Tabletop Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TSR = Terminate and Stay Resident program/device/driver.
TTF = True Type Font.
TTL = Time To Live (internet protocol).
TTRPG = TableTop Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TWI = True Web Integration (Microsoft).
U
U-ATA = Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
U3D = Universal 3D graphics format technology (3DIF).
UAA = Universal Audio Architecture (Microsoft).
UAE = Unrecoverable Application Error.
UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter.
UAS = USB Attached SCSI (INCITS/SCSITA/MSC/USB-IF/ASUS USB 3.0 standard computer protocol).
UASP = USB Attached SCSI Protocol (INCITS/SCSITA/MSC/USB-IF/ASUS USB 3.0 standard computer protocol).
UCE = Unsolicited Commercial E-mail.
UCS = Universal multiple octet coded Character Set (International Standard ISO/IEC).
UDDI = Universal Description Discovery and Integration (network protocol).
UDF = Universal Disc Format (Compact Disc).
UDI = Uniform Driver Interface.
UDMA = Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
UDMA/33 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 33.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/66 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 66.66 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/100 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 100 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/133 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 133 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDO = Ultra Density Optical drive (Plasmon).
UDP = User Datagram Protocol.
UDSL = Universal Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (Texas Instruments).
UDSP = Uniprocessor Digital Signal Processor Drive Electronics based architecture.
UEFI = Unified Extensible Firmware Interface BIOS technology (AMD/AMI/Apple/Dell/HP/IBM/Intel/Lenovo/Microsoft/Phoenix).
UFS = Universal Flash Storage flash memory storage technology (Nokia/Sony/Texas Instruments/Samsung/Micron/Hynix).
UHD = Ultra High Definition, also SHV, also UHDTV, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHDTV = Ultra High Definition TeleVision, also SHV, also UHD, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHDV = Ultra High Definition Video, also SHV, also UHD, also UHDTV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHF = Ultra High Frequency (decimeter band) radio wave bands 300 MHz-3 GHz (ITU) + radar wave bands 1-4 GHz (IEEE).
UI = User Interface (2D/3D computer/terminal/device platform interface) (also GUI).
UL 1449 = Underwriter Laboratory tests certification technology for Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors compliance.
Ultra160/m SCSI = Ultra3 SCSI technology (160 MB/s burst transfer rate).
Ultra2b SCSI = Ultra2 SCSI technology (80 MB/s burst transfer rate).
Ultra ATA = Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
Ultra DMA = Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE drive controller).
Ultra SCSI = Ultra1 SCSI technology (40 MB/s burst transfer rate).
UMA = Upper Memory Area.
UMB = Upper Memory Block.
UMPC = Ultra Mobile Personal Computer.
UMR = Upper Memory Region.
UNC = Uniform Naming Convention.
UNDI = Universal Network Device Interface API (networking) (Intel PXE).
UNIX = MultiUser Network Operating System.
UPnP = Universal Plug and Play technology.
UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply.
URI = Uniform Resource Identifier.
URL = Uniform Resource Locator.
URM = Universal Retention Mechanism (Slot 1 CPU).
USB = Universal Serial Bus technology standard (USB-IF).
USB 1.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 1.0 (USB10 or USB1) technology (USB-IF).
USB 1.1 = Universal Serial Bus version 1.1 (USB11) technology (USB-IF).
USB 2.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 2.0 (USB20 or USB2) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.0 (USB30 or USB3) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.1 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.1 (USB31) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.2 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.2 (USB32) technology (USB-IF).
USB 4.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 4.0 (USB40 or USB4) technology (requires USB-C + USB PD standards) (USB-IF).
USB PD = Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery technology for (re)charging electrical devices (USB-IF).
USB-A = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type A system (USB-IF).
USB-B = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type B system (USB-IF).
USB-C = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type C system (USB-IF).
USENET = USEr NETwork (newsgroups).
USFF = Ultra Small Form Factor (motherboard form factor).
USR = US Robotics.
UTC = Coordinated Universal Time international time standard.
UTF = Universal Character Set (UCS) Transformation Format (variable width encoding standard).
UUE = Uniform Resource Locator UNIX Encoded.
UUENCODE = Unix to Unix Encoding.
UUID = Universally Unique IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (software and hardware identification standard) (also GUID + IID).
UVGA = Ultimate Video Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p).
UWB = UltraWideBand technologies (MBOA).
UWP = Universal Windows Platforms (Microsoft Windows 8/newer Metro/Tile/Store app and API).
UXGA = Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1600x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also UXVGA).
UXVGA = Ultra EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1600x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also UXGA).
V
V.90 = ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer technology.
V.92 = ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer technology.
VAR = Value Added Reseller.
VAT = Virtual Allocation Table (Compact Disc).
VBE = VESA BIOS Extensions.
VBI = Vertical Blanking Interval.
VC = Vibration Compensation (Tamron photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
VCD = Video Compact Disc (MPEG-1 encoding).
VCM = Virtual Channel Memory.
VCP = Video Cassette Player.
VCPI = Virtual Control Program Interface.
VCR = Video Cassette Recorder.
VDS = Virtual Dedicated Server (virtual machine as service).
VDSL = Variable Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
VESA = Video Electronics Standards Association.
VFAT = Virtual File Allocation Table (Microsoft Windows).
VFD = Vacuum Fluorescent Display.
VFIR = Very Fast InfraRed protocol (Hewlett Packard).
VfW = Video for Windows.
VGA = Video Graphics Array standard (640x480 pixels, 480p).
VHD = Very High Density printer interface (Centronics).
VHF = Very High Frequency (meter band) radio wave bands 30-300 MHz (ITU).
VIF = Versatile Image File format based on H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG).
Visible Web = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Lightnet, Surface Web).
VIVO = Video In Video Out.
VIS = Visual Image Size.
VLB = VESA Local Bus (VL bus).
VLM = Very Large Memory addressing (Intel Merced).
VLSI = Very Large Scale Integration.
VMM = Virtual Memory Manager (Microsoft Windows).
VMM (2) = Virtual Machine Monitor.
VoD = Video on Demand (multimedia distribution service).
VoIP = Voice over Internet Protocol.
VP8 = Video codec format used by WebM + HTML5 (On2/Google).
VPG = Video Performance Guarantee (minimum guaranteed speed specification), CompactFlash (CF)/CFast profile specification standard.
VPN = Virtual Private Network P2P shared/public secure (+/- encrypted) network server.
VPS = Virtual Private Server (virtual machine as service).
VPU = Visual Processing Unit (3Dlabs P10 family 2D/3D video chipsets).
VR = Virtual Reality.
VR (2) = Voltage Regulator (CPU).
VR (3) = Vibration Reduction (Nikon photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
VRE = Voltage Regulator Enhanced (MMX/SSE/KNI/3DNow! CPU dual voltage).
VRAM = Video Random Access Memory.
VRM = Voltage Regulator Module (CPU).
VRML = Virtual Reality Modeling (3D) Language.
VSA-100 = Voodoo Scalable Architecture (3dfx Napalm 2D/3D video chipset).
VSM = Virtual Storage Management (Microsoft Windows 32-bit).
VT = Virtualization Technology for abstracted hardware (Intel).
VT-d = Virtualization Technology for directed I/O (Intel).
VT-i = Virtualization Technology for IA-32 (i386) 32-bit CPUs (Intel).
VT-x = Virtualization Technology for x86 32-bit + 64-bit CPUs (Intel).
VVC = Versatile Video Coding H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.266 + X.266).
VXD = Virtual eXtended (everything) device Driver (Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME).
W
W3C = World Wide Web Consortium (universal internet standards).
WAIS = Wide Area Information Server.
WAN = Wide Area Network.
WAR = Wide Aspect Ratio display (16:9 = cinema/TV letterbox format).
WAV = WAVeform audio file format (Microsoft).
WBEM = Web Based Enterprise Management Initiative.
WCG = Wide Color Gamut sRGB/Adobe color space using pure spectral primary colors (Adobe).
WDF = Windows Driver Foundation 32-bit or 64-bit (Microsoft approved).
WDM = Windows Driver Model 32-bit or 64-bit (Microsoft approved).
Web Page = Hypertext document accessible on the World Wide Web (see also HTML).
Web Site = Organized collection of web pages and related content identified by a common domain name, and published and hosted on web server(s), also Website.
WebGL = Web based Graphics Language (Canvas HTML 3D video API).
WebM = Web Multimedia VP8 video and Vorbis audio Matroska container format (On2/Google).
WebP = Web Picture lossy image format (On2/Google).
Website = See Web Site.
WEP = Wired Equivalent Privacy (wireless networks).
WFA = Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Alliance.
WfM = Wired for Management.
WfWG = Microsoft Windows for WorkGroups 3.1x.
WGA = Windows Genuine Advantage [Microsoft mandatory authenticity validation 😞].
WHATWG = Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (Apple/Mozilla/Google/Microsoft/Opera).
WHQL = Windows Hardware Quality Labs (Microsoft approved).
Wi-Fi = Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11g technology, 54 mbps, 5 GHz, up to 70 m).
WiMAX = Broadband Wireless Access technologies (Intel).
Win10 = Microsoft Windows 10.
Win11 = Microsoft Windows 11.
Win16 = Microsoft Windows 16-bit OS API code.
Win2000 = Microsoft Windows Server 2000 (formerly NT 5.0).
Win2003 = Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
Win2008 = Microsoft Windows Server 2008.
Win2012 = Microsoft Windows Server 2012.
Win2016 = Microsoft Windows Server 2016.
Win2019 = Microsoft Windows Server 2019.
Win2022 = Microsoft Windows Server 2022.
Win2K = Microsoft Windows Server 2000 (formerly NT 5.0).
Win2K3 = Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
Win2K8 = Microsoft Windows Server 2008.
Win31 = Microsoft Windows/WfWG 3.1x.
Win32 = Microsoft Windows 32-bit OS API code.
Win32s = Microsoft Windows 32-bit extensions for Windows/WfWG 3.1x 16-bit.
Win3x = Microsoft Windows/WfWG 3.xx.
Win64 = Microsoft Windows 64-bit OS API code.
Win7 = Microsoft Windows 7.
Win8 = Microsoft Windows 8.
Win8.1 = Microsoft Windows 8.1.
Win95 = Microsoft Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
Win98 = Microsoft Windows 98/98 SP1/98 SE(U).
Win9x = Microsoft Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5/98/98 SP1/98 SE(U).
WinFS = Windows Future Storage 32-bit file layer (Windows Vista).
WinFX = Microsoft Windows 32-bit/64-bit OS managed API code (Windows Vista).
WinME = Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition).
WinNT = Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx/4.0 (New Technology).
WinNT3 = Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx (New Technology).
WinNT4 = Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 (New Technology).
WinNTx = Microsoft Windows New Technology (NT) version x based OSes: NT + newer.
WinOSR1 = Microsoft Windows 95a OSR1.
WinOSR2 = Microsoft Windows 95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
WINS = Windows Internet Name Service protocol (Microsoft).
Winsock = Windows Sockets Application Programming Interface (API) (networking).
WinVista = Microsoft Windows Vista.
WinXP = Microsoft Windows XP (eXPerience).
WIPS = Wireless based Intrusion Prevention Systems (wireless security monitoring).
WMF = Microsoft Windows MetaFile.
WMV HD = Microsoft Windows Media Video High Definition.
WOFF = Web Open Font Format W3C standard (Microsoft/Opera/Mozilla).
WORA = Write Once Run Anywhere (Sun Java).
WORE = Write Once Run Everywhere (Sun Java).
World Wide Web = Networked system of data and information accessible over the internet and organized as Web Sites (see WWW).
WORM = Write Once Read Many [CD-R(W)/DVD-R(W)/BD-R(W)/HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash/RAM].
WOSA = Windows Open Services Architecture (Microsoft).
WOSSA = Windows Operating Systems and Services Architecture (Microsoft).
WoW64 = Windows 32-bit (x86) on Windows 64-bit (x64) compatibility layer subsystem (Microsoft Windows 64-bit OSes).
WPA = Wireless Protected Access security technology (Wi-Fi Alliance).
WPA (2) = Windows Product Activation [Microsoft mandatory activation 😞].
WPE = Windows Protection Error (Microsoft Windows).
WPG = WordPerfect Graphic file.
WQXGA = Wide Quad EXtended Graphics Array standard (2560x1600, 1600p).
WRAM = Windows Random Access Memory.
WS = WebSocket full duplex computer communications protocol standard (ws://) (WHATWG).
WS-Discovery = Web Services Discovery network protocol (Intel/Microsoft).
WSA = Windows Sockets (Winsock) API (communication interface between client and TCP/IP stack).
WSS = WebSocket Secure full duplex computer communications protocol standard (wss://) (WHATWG) (SSL + TLS technologies).
WSXGA = Wide Super Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1440x900 pixels, 900p) (also Wide XGA+).
WSXGA+ = Wide Super EXtended Graphics Array Plus standard (1680x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also Wide XGA+).
WTX = Workstation Advanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
WUXGA = Wide Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1920x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also WUXVGA).
WUXVGA = Wide Ultra EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1920x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also WUXGA).
WWIF = World Wide InterFace.
WWW = World Wide Web.
WXGA = Wide EXtended Graphics Array standard (1366x768 pixels, 768p) (also Wide XGA).
WYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get.
X
X.264 = X.264/AVC open source video compression based on H.264/AVC video compression standard (also AVC + H.264).
X.265 = X.265/HEVC open source video compression based on H.265/HEVC video compression standard (also H.265 + HEVC).
X.266 = X.266/VVC open source video compression based on H.266/VVC video compression standard (also H.266 + VVC).
x2 = 3COM/US Robotics 56 kbps analog modem transfer technology.
X3D = EXtensible 3D (W3C).
x64 = AMD/ARM/Intel x64 CPUs (family compatible) 64-bit compatible.
x86 = AMD/ARM/Intel x86 CPUs (family compatible) 32-bit compatible.
X87 = Intel X87 FPUs (family compatible) 32-bit compatible.
XAML = EXtensible Application Markup Language based on XML (Microsoft Windows).
XBL = XML Binding Language (Mozilla/W3C).
XDR-SDRAM = Xtreme Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Rambus).
Xeon = Intel Pentium II/III/IV Xeon CPU (80686).
X-Fi = Xtreme Fidelity audio technology (Creative Labs).
XGA = EXtended Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p) (also XVGA).
XHTML = EXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (W3C).
XHTML 1.1 = EXtensible HyperText Markup Language 1.1 standard (W3C).
XHTML5 = EXtensible HyperText Markup Language 5.0 standard (W3C).
XLL = EXtensible Link Language (W3C).
XML = EXtensible Markup Language (W3C).
XMM = EXtended Memory Manager.
XMP = EXtensible Metadata Platform digital metadata standard (Adobe/ISO).
XMPP = EXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (IETF).
XMS = Microsoft, Intel, Lotus and AST EXtended Memory Specifications.
XPS = XML Paper Specification (Microsoft).
XQD = EXperimental Quality Determination PCIe flash memory card standard 125-500 MB/sec > 2 TB (Sony).
XSL = EXtensible Stylesheet Language (W3C).
XSLT = EXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (W3C).
XSS = Cross Site Scripting (malicious HTTP attack method).
XT = EXtended Technology (motherboard form factor).
XUL = EXtensible User Interface Language based on XML (Mozilla/W3C).
XVGA = EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p) (also XGA).
Y
Y2K = Year 2000.
Z
ZAK = Zero Administration Kit for Windows NT workstations.
ZAW = Zero Administration initiative for Windows.
Z-buffer = Third (3rd) dimension/depth/z axis memory (3D video).
ZCLV = Zone Constant Linear Velocity (Compact Disc).
ZFS = Zettabyte File System 128-bit file system technology (Sun).
ZIF = Zero Insertion Force (CPU socket).
ZIP = ZIPped (compressed) file format (PKWare).
Glossaria, Dictionaria, Encyclopædia, Compendia + Referentia
    
©1996-2023 MDGx (a.k.a. AXCEL216): Everything here is FREEware. Always free of ad(vertisment)s, cookies, tracking, malware + spyware. I have created [August 1996], maintain and update these web pages entirely by hand using Programmer's File Editor [replaced Notepad].
I do not promote, speak in the behalf of, advertise or work for any computing, technology, news or internet profit business. All ©copyrights and ®registered trademarks retain owners' property.
Back!