Glossary
of
Terms, Standards, Abbreviations + Acronyms

1080i = 1920x1080 interlaced screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
1080p = 1920x1080 progressive scan screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
16:9 = Wide digital cinema/TV display horizontal:vertical (letterbox) aspect ratio standard (see WAR).
2160p = 4096x2160p (cinema UHD) or 3840x2160 (TV UHD) progressive scan screen resolution (monitors, cinema + UHDTV).
24p = High Definition 24 frames/second progressive video (Sony/Panasonic) (also HiDef).
286 = Intel 80286 processor.
2D = Bi (two) dimensional: x and y axes.
2FA = Two Factor Authentication, also TFA (electronic authentication method).
2K = 2000.
2K1 = 2001.
2K2 = 2002.
2K3 = 2003.
2K4 = 2004.
2K5 = 2005.
2K6 = 2006.
2K7 = 2007.
2K8 = 2008.
2K9 = 2009.
386 = Intel 80386 processor (SX/DX).
386MAX = Qualitas 386 Expanded Memory Manager (386MAX.SYS).
3D = Tri (three) dimensional: x, y and z axes.
3DC = 3D Consortium (Sharp/Sanyo/Sony/Toshiba/Samsung/LG).
3dfx = 3D Graphics Interactive (Voodoo family 3D chipsets).
3DIF = 3D Industry Forum (Intel/Adobe/Microsoft).
3DNow! = AMD K6/K7/K8/K9 CPU multimedia extensions.
3DRAM = 3D Dynamic Random Access Memory.
3GIO = 3rd Generation Input/Output (PCI 3.0 or PCI Express or PCIe) bus architecture: 64-bit, 133/266 MHz, 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell).
3PS = 3rd Person Shooter game (computer/platform/video gaming).
4:3 = Traditional analog TV display horizontal:vertical aspect ratio (old standard).
486 = Intel 80486 processor (DX/DX2/DX4).
4K = 4096x3112 (cinema UHD) and 3840x2160 (monitors + TV UHD) screen resolution.
4X = eXplore, eXpand, eXploit and eXterminate game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
586 = Intel 80586 processor (Pentium/Pentium Pro).
5K = 5120x3200 (cinema EHD) and 5120x2880 (monitors + TV EHD) screen resolution.
686 = Intel 80686 processor (Pentium II/III/IV).
6K = 6144x3240 (cinema PHD) and 6144x3160 (monitors + TV PHD) screen resolution.
720i = 1280x720 interlaced screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
720p = 1280x720 progressive scan screen resolution (monitors + HDTV).
86 = Intel 80X86 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 32-bit compatible.
87 = Intel 80X87 Floating Point Unit (FPU) 32-bit compatible.
80286 = Intel 80286 processor.
80386 = Intel 80386 processor (SX/DX).
80486 = Intel 80486 processor (DX/DX2/DX4).
80586 = Intel 80586 processor (Pentium/Pentium Pro).
80686 = Intel 80686 processor (Pentium II/III/IV).
8086 = Intel 8086 processor (first generation).
80X86 = Intel 80X86 processors family 32-bit compatible.
8K = 8192x5120 (cinema FHD) and 7680x4320 (monitors + TV FHD) screen resolution.

A/C = Alternating Current (variable electrical current) (also AC).
A3D = Aureal 3D surround sound technology.
AA = Anti-Aliasing edge smoothing technology (3D video).
AAAS = American Association for the Advancement of Science.
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding (enhanced MPEG-4 encoding).
AAF = Advanced Authoring format (Microsoft video).
AC = Alternating Current (variable electrical current) (also A/C).
AC-3 = Advanced Codec (Audio Coding) 3 Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio) (also AC3).
AC3 = Advanced Codec (Audio Coding) 3 Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio) (also AC-3).
AC'97 = Audio Codec 1997 component specification (Intel).
ACK = ACKnowledgement (modem response).
ACL = Access Control List (Microsoft Windows NTx OSes running on NTFS).
ACM = Association for Computing Machinery.
ACPI = Advanced Configuration Power Interface.
ADC = Analog to Digital Converter.
ADPCM = Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
ADSL = Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (1.1 MHz, 4 Mbps).
ADSL2+ = Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line version 2+ modem technology (2.2 MHz, 24 Mbps).
ADVD = Audio Digital Versatile (Video) Disc.
Adware = Ad(vertising) Software (unsolicited, unwanted, dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious).
AES = Advanced Encryption Standard instruction set (built into the CPU).
AF = AutoFocus (cinema, photography).
AFR = Alternate Frame Rendering (ATI Rage Fury MAXX).
AFM = Atomic Force Microscope.
AGP = Accelerated Graphics Port technology (Intel).
AGP-1x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 1st generation (AGP 1.0): 266 MB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-2x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 2nd generation using sidebands (AGP 2.0): 533 MB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-4x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 3nd generation using fast writes (AGP 3.0): 1.07 GB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGP-8x = Accelerated Graphics Port technology 4th generation (AGP 4.0): 2.14 GB/sec bandwidth (Intel).
AGRAS = AntiGlare AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT display).
AHCI = Advanced Host Controller Interface (SATA controllers).
AI = Artificial Intelligence.
AIFF = Audio Interchange File Format lossless uncompressed audio file format standard (Apple).
AIT = Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony).
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML (web design technologies).
ALDC = Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (IBM).
AM = Ante Meridiem (Latin), also A.M. time convention (before midday, before 12:00:00 o'clock noon).
AM (2) = Amplitude Modulation radio frequency waves with low audio fidelity (long, medium + short frequency wave bands).
AMD = Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated.
AMI = American Megatrends Incorporated.
AMOLED = Active Matrix Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Samsung).
AMR = Audio/Modem Riser slot (Intel Pentium III/IV 8XX chipsets).
ANI = Microsoft Windows ANImated cursor graphic file.
ANSI = American National Standards Institute.
AOD = Advanced Optical Disc technology (Toshiba/NEC).
AOL = America OnLine.
APG = Action Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
API = Application Programming Interface.
APIC = Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller.
APM = Advanced Power Management.
Apple = Apple Inc.
APS-C = Advanced Photo System Type C image sensor format (25x16mm).
AR = Augmented Reality (computer generated interactive reality experience).
ARAG = AntiReflection AntiGlare screen treatment (CRT display).
ARAS = AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT display).
ARP = Address Resolution Protocol (networking technology).
ARP (2) = Action Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ARPANET = Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (internet forerunner).
ARPG = Action Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ARTS = Action Real Time Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
ASC = Active Signal Correction technology (Sony CRT display).
ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASF = Advanced Streaming Format (Microsoft NetShow/DirectVideo).
ASIC = Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
ASLR = Address Space Layout Randomization (computer security randomization algorithm).
ASP = Advanced Sound Processor (Creative Labs).
ASP (2) = Application Service Provider.
ASP (3) = Active Server Page (Microsoft).
ASP (4) = Average Selling Price.
ASPI = Advanced SCSI Programming Interface.
ASVD = Analog Simultaneous Voice and Data.
Async SRAM = Asynchronous Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache).
AT = Advanced Technology (motherboard form factor).
AT (2) = Authenticated Transfer protocol (decentralized, open source networking technology) (Bluesky).
ATA = Advanced Technology Attachment technology (ANSI for Integrated Drive Electronics).
ATA/33 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 33.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/66 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 66.66 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/100 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 100 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATA/133 = Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 133.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
ATAPI = Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface.
ATB = Active Time Battle game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
Athlon = AMD Athlon K7 CPU.
ATI = ATI Technologies Inc.
ATM = Adobe Type Manager.
ATM (2) = Asynchronous Transfer Mode (network).
ATSC = Advanced Television Systems Committee standards (HDTV).
ATV = Analog Broadcast TeleVision (old TV standard).
ATV (2) = Advanced Broadcast TeleVision (DTV, HDTV standard).
ATX = Advanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
AU = AUdio file format.
AUTOEXEC.BAT = AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file.
AVC = Advanced Video Coding H.264/AVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.264 + X.264).
AVI = Audio Video Interleave (Microsoft video file format).
AVX = Advanced Vector EXtensions instruction set (built into the CPU).
AWR = Active Wide Range playback system (Toshiba CD-ROM).
AXCEL216 = Packard Bell AXCEL216 386/SX 25 MHz [my first PC 😎].

b = bit (binary digit): unit of digital information: 1 bit = 0 or 1.
B = Byte (Binary octet): unit of digital data: 1 Byte = 8 bits.
B2P = Buy to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
BA = Bachelor of Arts (Latin: Baccalaureus Artium), also BAc, also AB, also AcB (undergraduate level academic degree).
BASIC = Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
BAT = MS-DOS BATch program file (text/ASCII format).
Baud = Modem line (carrier) signaling high/low events/shifts per second.
BBS = Bulletin Board System.
BD = Blu-Ray Digital Versatile Disc technology, also Blu-ray (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BDA = BIOS Data Area.
BDA (2) = Blu-Ray Disc Association.
BD-R = Blu-Ray Disc Recordable Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BD-RE = Blu-Ray Disc Rewritable Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BD-ROM = Blu-Ray Disc Read Only Media technology (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BDXL = High Capacity Recordable and Rewritable Blu-Ray Disc [triple (100 GB) or quadruple (128 GB) layer].
BEDO = Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM).
Bel = Unit of acoustic/sound level/pressure/power: 1 Bel = 10 dB (deciBels).
BGA = Ball Grid Array (242 pin Intel CPU).
BIC-TCP = Binary Increase Congestion Transmission Control Protocol (NCSU).
BIF = Binary Image Format file.
BINHEX = BINary HEXadecimal (BINary to ASCII data conversion).
BIPM = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures).
BIOS = Basic Input Output System.
Blu-Ray = Blu-Ray Digital Versatile Disc technology, also BD (Sony/Philips/Hitachi/Sharp/Samsung).
BMP = RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows BitMap Picture file.
BMR = Ballistic Magneto-Resistive effect (Hewlett Packard/IBM/Siemens Hard Disk Drive technology).
BoM = Bill of Material (manufacturer costs).
BPI = Baseline Privacy Interface (DOCSIS encrypted communication specifications).
bpp = bits per pixel.
BPR = Bit Patterned Recording hard disk drive (Toshiba).
Bps = Bytes per second.
bps = bits per second.
BS = Bachelor of Science (Latin: Scientiae Baccalaureus), also BSc, also SB, also ScB (undergraduate level academic degree).
BSB = Back Side Bus (CPU to RAM motherboard bus).
BSD = Berkeley Software Distribution [UNIX like GPL (free, open source) Operating System].
BSI = BackSide Illuminated sensor (digital camera).
BSoD = Blue Screen of Death. [Microsoft Windows most dreaded "feature". 😎]
BSP = Base Service Provider Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
BtP = Buy to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
BTX = Balanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
Bus = Binary data gateway between hardware modules: CPU, chipset, RAM, I/O, etc.

C2PA = Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (Adobe/BBC/Intel/Microsoft/Truepic).
CaaS = Computing as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
CAB = CABinet compression format technology (Microsoft).
CAD = Computer Aided Design.
CADD = Computer Aided Design and Drafting.
CAI = Content Authenticity Initiative (Adobe/New York Times/Twitter).
CAN = Controller Area Network (array of microcontrollers).
CAPTCHA = Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart (computing test for humans).
CAS = Column Access Strobe.
CATV = Cable TeleVision (analog/digital video/audio signal transmitted through coaxial cable).
CAV = Constant Angular Velocity (Compact Disc).
CCD = Charge Coupled Device (photo sensitive digital capacitive sensor).
CCFB = Cold Cathode Fluorescent Backlighting (LCD screen).
CCFL = Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lighting (LCD screen).
CCG = Collectible Card Game (board/role playing gaming).
CCITT = Commité Consultatif International du Télégraphe et Téléphonie (International Telegraph and Telephony Consultative Committee).
CCTV = Closed Circuit TeleVision (video surveillance).
CD = Compact Disc.
CD-DA = Compact Disc Digital Audio.
CDFS = CD-ROM File System (data CD).
CD-I = Compact Disc Interactive.
CDR = CorelDRAW! image file.
CDRAM = Cache Dynamic Random Access Memory.
CD-R = Compact Disc Recorder.
CD-RAM = Compact Disc Rewritable Access Media.
CD-ROM = Compact Disc Read Only Media.
CD-ROM/XA = Compact Disc Read Only Media EXtended Architecture (Sony/Philips/Microsoft).
CDR-ROM = Compact Disc Recorder and Read Only Media (ODC).
CD-RW = Compact Disc ReWritable.
CDAF = Contrast Detection Auto Focus (cinema, photography).
CDSL = Consumer Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (Rockwell).
Celeron = Intel Pentium II/III/IV Celeron CPU (80686).
CERN = Conseil Européen pour Recherche Nucléaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research).
CERT = Computer Emergency Response Team.
CF = CompactFlash PATA 166 MB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards (SanDisk).
CFA = CompactFlash Association.
CFast = CompactFast SATA 300-600 MB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards (CompactFlash Association).
CFe = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFexpress, also CFx (CFA).
CFexpress = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFe, also CFx (CFA).
CFML = Cold Fusion Markup Language.
CFx = CompactFlash Express PCIe 3.0 and NVMe 1 GB/sec memory mass storage removable media cards, also CFexpress, also CFe (CFA).
CGA = Color Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x200 pixels, 200p) (IBM).
CGI = Computer Generated Image.
CGI (2) = Common Gateway Interface.
CGM = Computer Graphics Metafile.
CHAP = Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
Checksum = Fixed size data (hash sum) algorithm (cryptography).
CHM = Compiled HTML Help (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
CHS = Cylinder/Head/Sector (hard disk).
CIFS = Common Internet File System.
CISC = Complex Instruction Set Computing (CPU).
CL = Creative Labs.
Clearnet = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Lightnet, Surface Web, Visible Web).
CLI = Command Line Interface (text based computer/terminal/device platform interface).
CLP = Microsoft Windows CLiPboard Bitmap file.
CLV = Constant Linear Velocity (Compact Disc).
CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor manufacturing process.
CMOS 7S = CMOS 7S manufacturing process (IBM).
CMOS-SOS = CMOS Silicon On Sapphire manufacturing process.
CMP = Chip MultiProcessing (more than 1 CPU per chip).
CMS = ColorSync Color Management System (Apple).
CMY = Cyan Magenta Yellow subtractive primary colors combination encoding model.
CMYK = Cyan Magenta Yellow blacK subtractive primary colors combination encoding model.
CNR = Communication and Networking Riser specification (Intel Pentium III/IV chipsets).
Co-op = Cooperative play or Cooperative video game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
COA = Certificate Of Authenticity (Microsoft OEM OS + software).
COBOL = COmmon Business Oriented Language.
CODEC = Digital video COmpressor and DECompressor (Intel Indeo).
COFF = Common Object File Format (Unix 32-bit + 64-bit).
COM = Serial COMmunication Port.
COM (2) = Component Object Model (Microsoft).
CON = CONsole (display).
CONFIG.SYS = CONFIGuration SYStem file.
Core = Intel Core CPUs family (x86 Yonah Pentium + Celeron).
Core 2 = Intel Core 2 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Merom/Conroe/Allendale/Penryn/Wolfdale Pentium + Celeron).
Core i3 = Intel Core i3 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Nehalem/Clarkdale/Arrandale).
Core i5 = Intel Core i5 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Nehalem/Lynnfield/Clarkdale/Arrandale).
Core i7 = Intel Core i7 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Bloomfield/Lynnfield/Clarksfield/Arrandale/Gulftown/Nehalem/Westmere/Sandy).
Core i9 = Intel Core i9 CPUs family (x86 + x64 Skylake/Coffee Lake/Cascade Lake/Comet Lake).
CORP = Competitive Online Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
CORPG = Competitive Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
CORS = Cross Origin Resource Sharing (HTTP header request attribute).
cps = Characters Per Second.
CPT = Corel Photo Paint image file format.
CPU = Central Processing Unit (processor).
CRC = Cyclical Redundancy Check.
CRT = Cathode Ray Tube.
CS = CompuServe.
CSC = Compact System photo Camera.
CSE = Client Side Encryption (sender side cryptography technology).
CSE (2) = Programmable Custom Search Engine (Google Search).
CSLIP = Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol.
CSP = Cryptographic Service Provider.
CSP (2) = Content Security Policy (HTTP security policy).
CSS = Cascading Style Sheets HTML specifications (W3C).
CSS1 = Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 1 (W3C).
CSS2 = Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 2 (W3C).
CUR = Microsoft Windows static CURsor graphic file.
CUT = Dr. Halo picture file.

D/C = Direct Current (continuous electrical current) (also DC).
D3D = DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
D&D = Dungeons & Dragons game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
DaaS = Desktop as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
DAC = Digital to Analog Converter.
Darknet = Publicly inaccessible anonymous, nonindexable (nonindexed) internet (see also Dark Web).
DAT = Digital Audio Tape.
dB = deciBel: 10 dB = 1 Bel.
DbaaS = Database as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
DBS = Digital Broadcasting System.
DBS (2) = Direct Broadcast Satellite (digital video/audio signal transmitted through geostationary orbiting satellite).
DC = Direct Current (continuous electrical current) (also D/C).
DCE = Distributed Computing Environment networking software system (Apollo/IBM/DEC).
DCE (2) = Data Communications Equipment (modem to modem speed).
DCH = Declarative Componentized Hardware drivers (Microsoft Windows 10/newer UWP compatible apps).
DDC = Display Data Channel.
DD-CD = Double Density Compact Disc: 1.3 GB (Sony).
DDE = Dynamic Data Exchange.
DDF = Diamond Directive File (Microsoft Windows Setup CAB/IEAK developer kits).
DDK = Driver Developers Kit (programming).
DDMA = Distributed Direct Memory Access technology.
DD-R = Double Density Compact Disc Recorder (Sony).
DD-ROM = Double Density Compact Disc Read Only Media (Sony).
DD-RW = Double Density Compact Disc Rewritable (Sony).
DDoS = Distributed Denial of Service (networks).
DoT = DNS over TLS network security protocol.
DDR-SDRAM = Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
DDSS = Dolby Digital Surround Sound Advanced Codec 3 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) sound technology (3D audio).
Deep Web = Publicly inaccessible anonymous, nonindexable (nonindexed) internet (see also Darknet).
DEK = Data Encryption Key.
DES = Data Encryption Standard.
DFS = Distributed File System used by Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) (Apollo/IBM/DEC).
DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DHT = Distributed Hash Table (decentralized scalable data storage and lookup system based on unique key-value pairs).
DHTML = Dynamic HyperText Markup Language (W3C).
DIB = RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap.
DIB (2) = Dual Independent Bus architecture (Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/IV).
DIFx = Driver Install Frameworks technology (Microsoft).
DIG = Digital Imaging Group (now I3A).
DIMM = Dual In-line Memory Module.
DIN = Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards).
DIP = Dual In-line Package.
DisplayID = display/monitor data structure description (VESA standard) (also EDID).
DisplayPort = Digital display video interface, also DP (VESA).
DIVX = DIgital Video eXpress (discontinued Digital Versatile Disc technology).
DivX (2) = Digital Video eXpress encoder/decoder technology.
DIY = Do It Yourself (computer building, improving + repairing by hand).
DLC = Data Link Control (networking layer protocol).
DLC (2) = DownLoadable Content (computer/platform/video gaming).
DLL = Data Link Layer (digital transmission layer).
DLL (2) = DownLoadable Level (computer/platform/video gaming).
DLL (3) = Dynamic Link Library (Microsoft Windows).
DLNA = Digital Living Network Alliance multimedia devices digital media sharing interoperability guidelines (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard/Sony/Nokia/Philips/Cisco/Toshiba/Samsung).
DLP = Digital Light Processing technology, also DMD (Texas Instruments).
DLS = DownLoadable Sounds technology (PCI MIDI).
DMA = Direct Memory Access.
DMD = Digital Micromirror Device, also DLP (Texas Instruments).
DME = Direct Memory Execution (Intel I-740).
DMF = Distribution Media Format: high density Floppy Disk (Microsoft).
DMI = Desktop Management Interface.
DMTF = Desktop Management Task Force.
DNA = Distributed interNet Applications architecture (Microsoft Windows).
DnD = Dungeons and Dragons game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
DNG = Digital NeGative Adobe RAW image format based on TIFF 6.0 standard.
DNS = Domain Name System (or Service) (internet DN → IP translator).
DOCSIS = Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification standards (ITU).
DOF = Depth Of Field (3D video, cinema, photography).
DOM = Document Object Model (W3C).
DOS = Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
DoS (2) = Denial of Service (networks).
DP = Digital display video interface, also DisplayPort (VESA).
DPI = Dots Per Inch.
DPLSS = DPLSS = Dolby Pro Logic Surround Sound 4.1 (4 + 1 = 5 channels) sound technology (3D audio).
DPMA = Dynamic Power Management Architecture (Intel PCI/AGP chipsets).
DPMI = DOS Protected Mode Interface.
DPMS = VESA Display Power Management Signaling (video).
DRAM = Dynamic Random Access Memory.
DR-DOS = DeviceLogics (Caldera Digital Research) Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
Drive-TIP = Drive Temperature Indicator Processor (IBM hard drive).
DRM = Digital Rights Management copy protection technologies.
DRP = Distribution and Replication Protocol.
DRW = Micrografx DRaW image file.
DS3D = DirectSound 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DSC = Digital Servo Control (Toshiba CD-ROM).
DSD = Direct Stream Digital pulse density modulation encoding (Sony/Philips).
DS/DD = Double Sided Double Density (Floppy Disk technology: 720 KB).
DS/HD = Double Sided High Density (Floppy Disk technology: 1.44 MB).
DSL = Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
DSLM = Digital Single Lens Mirrorless photo camera, also MILC (digital camera).
DSLR = Digital Single Lens Reflex photo camera (digital mirror prism camera).
DSP = Digital Signal Processor.
DSP (2) = Delivery Service Partner (OEM).
DSRC = Dedicated Short Range Communication technology, also RFID.
DSS = Digital Satellite System.
DSS (2) = Digital Signature Standard certificate.
DSVD = Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data.
DTD = Document Type Definition.
DTE = Data Terminal Equipment (modem to computer speed).
DTF = Distributed Terascale Facility high speed TeraGrid network (IBM/Qwest/Intel).
DTP = DeskTop Publishing.
DTR = Data Transfer Rate (throughput).
DTR (2) = Discrete Track Recording (Toshiba hard disk).
DTR (3) = Desktop Replacement Computer.
DTS = Digital Theater Systems discrete Dolby Digital 5.1 (5 + 1 = 6 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTS-ES = Digital Theater Systems Extended Surround discrete Dolby Digital 6.1 (6 + 1 = 7 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTS-HD = Digital Theater Systems High Definition discrete Dolby Digital 7.1 (7 + 1 = 8 channels) surround sound technology (3D audio).
DTT = Digital Terrestrial Television, also DTTV (Europe/Asia/South America).
DTTV = Digital Terrestrial TeleVision, also DTT (Europe/Asia/South America).
DTV = DeskTop Video.
DTV (2) = Digital Broadcast TeleVision.
DualDisc = Digital Versatile Disc (Audio)/Compact Disc two sided hybrid (Sony).
DUN = Dial-Up Networking (Microsoft Windows).
DVD = Digital Versatile (Video) Disc.
DVD-2 = Second generation Digital Versatile Disc drive.
DVD-A = Digital Versatile Disc Audio.
DVD-R = Digital Versatile Disc Recordable 4.7 GB (Hitachi/NEC/Pioneer/Samsung/Sharp).
DVD-RAM = Digital Versatile Disc Rewritable Access Media.
DVD-ROM = Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Media.
DVD-RW = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable 4.7 GB (Hitachi/NEC/Pioneer/Samsung/Sharp).
DVD+R = Digital Versatile Disc Recordable 4.7 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi/Sony/Ricoh/Yamaha).
DVD+RW = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable 4.7 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi/Sony/Ricoh/Yamaha).
DVD+R DL = Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable Double Layer 8.5 GB (Philips/Mitsubishi).
DVI = Digital Video Interactive (Intel).
DVVD = Direct View Video Display (CRT/TV display).
DWPD = Device/Drive Writes Per Day (flash storage life expectancy).
DX = X86 Intel CPU with FPU (386/DX, 486/DX).
DX (2) = DirectX APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DX3D = DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 95/newer).
DXF = AutoDesk picture File.
DXR2 = Dynamic eXtended Resolution 2 technology (Creative Labs DVD).
DXTC = S3 Direct3D Texture Compression APIs (S3 Savage3D/2000).
DXVA = DirectX Video Acceleration hardware video decoding (Microsoft Windows 98/newer).

E2EE = End to End Encryption (both ends encrypted communication system).
EAMR = Energy Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
EAP = Extensible Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
EAX = Environmental Audio EXtensions (Creative Labs Live!/Audigy/Extigy/X-Fi DirectSound 3D surround sound APIs).
EBDA = Extended BIOS Data Area.
EBIOS = Extended Basic Input/Output System.
EBML = Extensible Binary Meta Language (binary equivalent to XML).
EBR = Extended Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
ECC = Error Correction Code.
ECHS = Enhanced Cylinder/Head/Sector (hard drive > 1024 cylinders).
ECP = Extended Capabilities Port.
EDC = Error Detection Code.
EDGE = Explicit Data Graph Execution architecture (IBM CPUs).
EDI = Electronic Data Interchange.
EDID = Extended Display Identification Data (VESA standard) (also DisplayID).
EDO = Extended Data Out (DRAM).
EDRAM = Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory.
EECS = Enhanced Elliptical Correction System (Sony CRT).
EEPROM = Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EFI = Extensible Firmware Interface BIOS technology (Intel).
EGA = Extended Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x350 pixels, 350p) (IBM).
eGPU = External Graphics Processing Unit controller enclosure (Thunderbolt 3/newer).
EHD = Expert High Definition, also Expert HD, also 5K (digital TV standard: 2880 lines).
EIA = Electronics Industries Association.
EICA = Enhanced Intellight Cooler Architecture.
EIDE = Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (Hard Disk Drive interface).
EIS = Electronic Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
EISA = Extended Industry Standard Architecture.
EISCA = Enhanced Intelligent System Cooler Architecture (CPU heatsink).
ELF = Executable (Extensible) and Linkable file Format (Unix/Linux/BSD/Solaris 32-bit).
E-mail = Electronic mail (email).
EM64T = Extended Memory 64-bit Technology (Intel 64-bit CPUs).
EMB = Extended Memory Block.
EMBM = Environment Mapped Bump Mapping (Matrox G400/G800 3D chipsets).
EMBR = Extended Master Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
EMI = Electro-Magnetical Interference.
EMM = Expanded Memory Manager.
EMM386 = Microsoft 386 Expanded Memory Manager (EMM386.EXE).
eMMC = Embedded MultiMediaCard memory card storage standard.
EMS = Expanded Memory Specifications.
EOL = End of Life (product).
EOS = End of Sale (product).
EOTF = Electro-Optical Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
EPA = Environmental Protection Agency (USA).
EPBR = Extended Partition Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes > 2 TB).
EPIC = Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (Intel Itanium 2 CPUs).
ePMR = Energy Assisted Perpendicular Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
EPP = Enhanced Parallel Port.
EPROM = Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EPS = Encapsulated PostScript File.
ESA = European Space Agency (UE).
eSATA = External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive.
ESCD = Extended System Configuration Data (ROM BIOS).
ESD = ElectroStatic Discharge.
ESDI = Enhanced System Device Interface (hard disk).
ESDRAM = Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
ESP = E-mail Service Provider.
Ethernet = System of organized wired computer networking technologies consisting of standards, protocols, devices and connection methods.
eUFS = Embedded Universal Flash Storage flash memory storage technology (Samsung).
EULA = End User License Agreement (Microsoft).
EUV = Extreme UltraViolet lithography (micro electronics).
EVD = Enhanced Versatile (Video) Disc (China).
EVF = Electronic View Finder (cinema, photography).
EVR = Enhanced Video Renderer hardware video decoding (Microsoft Windows Vista/newer).
exFAT = Extended File Allocation Table 64-bit (HDD, SSD, NVMe, Flash + RAM storage media).
EXIF = EXchangeable Image File digital metadata standard (JEIDA/JEITA/CIPA).
ext = Linux extended File System (old standard).
ext2 = Linux extended File System v2.0 standard.

F2P = Free to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions.
FAST-20 = Fast SCSI-3 Parallel Interface technology.
FAT = File Allocation Table disk File System (Microsoft).
FAT12 = File Allocation Table 12-bit (MS-DOS 3.0x/4.0x).
FAT16 = File Allocation Table 16-bit (MS-DOS 5.00/6.xx).
FAT32 = File Allocation Table 32-bit (Windows 95B/newer).
FATA = Fibre Attached Technology Adapted Hard Disk Drive interface (Seagate/Hewlett Packard).
FB-DIMM = Fully Buffered Dual In-line Memory Module.
FCBS = File Control BlockS (Microsoft MS-DOS).
FC-AL = Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (Ultra Fast SCSI).
FCC = Federal Communications Commission (USA).
FC-PGA = Flip Chip Pin Grid Array package (Intel Pentium III/IV CPUs).
FC-PH = Fibre Channel PHysical and signaling interface (SCSI-3).
FD = Floppy Disk.
FDB = Fully Buffered DIMM Dynamic Random Access Memory technology (Intel Blackford Pentium IV chipsets).
FDC = Floppy Drive Controller.
FDD = Floppy Disk Drive.
FDDI = Fiber Distributed Data Interface.
FDX = Full DupleX (simultaneous bidirectional dual communication system).
FED = Field Emission Display.
FERAM = FerroElectric Dynamic Random Access Memory (Infineon/Toshiba).
FHD = Full High Definition, also Full HD, also 8K (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
FIFO = First In First Out.
FLAC = Free Lossless Audio Codec (compressed audio without loss of quality).
FM = Frequency Modulation radio frequency waves with high audio fidelity (high, very high + ultra high + super high frequency wave bands).
FMA = Fused Multiply Add extension to SIMD instruction set (built into the CPU).
FMD = Fluorescent Multilayer Optical technology (Constellation 3D).
FMD-ROM = Fluorescent Multilayer Disc Read Only Media (Constellation 3D 140 GB CD-ROM).
FMV = Full Motion Video.
FOSS = Free and Open Source Software.
FPD = Flat Panel Display.
FPE = File Protection Error.
FPGA = Field Programmable Gate Array (integrated circuit technology).
FPM = Fast Page Mode (DRAM).
fps = frames per second.
FPS (2) = First Person Shooter game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
FPTV = Front Projection TeleVision (TV display).
FPVD = Front Projection Video Display (TV display).
FPU = Floating Point Unit (coprocessor).
FRAM = Ferroelectric Random Access Memory.
Frame-buffer = 1st + 2nd dimensions/height + width/x + y axes memory (2D video).
FSAA = Full Screen Anti-Aliasing edge smoothing (3D video).
FSB = Front Side Bus (CPU to I/O motherboard bus).
FSF = Free Software Foundation (GNU).
FTP = File Transfer Protocol server client communications standard (ftp://).
FtP (2) = Free to Play game (computer/platform/video gaming).
FTPS = File Transfer Protocol Secure server client communications standard (ftps://) (SSL + TLS technologies).
Full-Duplex = Two way modem communication protocol (echo-plex).
FXT1 = Advanced Texture Compression technology (3dfx Voodoo4/5/6 3D video).
FYI = For Your Information.

GB = GigaByte (1 GB = 1024 MegaBytes = 1048576 KiloBytes).
GBps = GigaBytes per second.
gbps = gigabits per second.
GDDR-II = Graphics Double Data Rate Random Access Memory 2nd generation (NVIDIA GeForceFX).
GDDR-III = Graphics Double Data Rate Random Access Memory 3rd generation (ATI Radeon 9500/9700/9900).
GDI = Graphics Device Interface (Microsoft Windows).
GDR-SDRAM = Gigabyte Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
GEM = Ventura/GEM image file.
GIF = Graphics Interchange Format file (CompuServe).
Glide = 3dfx Voodoo family proprietary 3D APIs.
G.Lite = ITU G.992.2 1.4 Mbps Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (ADSL).
GM = General MIDI technology.
GM (2) = GameMaster or Game Master or Game Moderator (multiplayer/single player gaming).
GMR = Giant Magneto-Resistive effect (IBM hard drive technology).
GMT = Greenwich Mean Time (renamed UTC) international time standard.
GND = Graduated Neutral Density filter (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System.
GNU = GNU's Not UNIX.
GPF = General Protection Fault (Microsoft Windows).
GPL = General Public License (GNU).
GPS = Global Positioning System (satellite based radionavigation system).
GPT = GUID Partition Table (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage device partition table layout).
GPU = Graphics Processing Unit (NVIDIA GeForce family 2D/3D chipsets).
GTS = Giga Texel Shader (NVIDIA GeForce2/newer 3D technology).
GUI = Graphical User Interface (2D/3D computer/terminal/device platform interface) (also GUI).
GUID = Globally Unique IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (Microsoft software and hardware identification standard) (also IID + UUID).
GVIF = Gigabit Video InterFace (Sony LCD).

H.264 = H.264/AVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also AVC + X.264).
H.265 = H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also HEVC + X.265).
H.266 = H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also VVC + X.266).
H&S = Hack & Slash game or Hack & Slay game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
HAL = Hardware Abstraction Layer (Microsoft Direct3D virtual 3D video accelerator interface APIs).
Half-Duplex = One way modem communication protocol (simplex or local-echo).
HAMR = Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Seagate).
HAVi = Home Audio Video interoperability (entertainment APIs).
HBM = High Bandwidth Memory (AMD/Hynix).
HBM2 = High Bandwidth Memory 2nd generation (AMD/Hynix).
HBM3 = High Bandwidth Memory 2rd generation (AMD/Hynix).
HCD = Hyper CD-ROM 1 PB multilayer 3D optical compact disc (Storex).
HD = Hard Disk (Drive).
HD (2) = High Definition.
HDA = High reliability Hard Disk Assembly.
HD Audio = High Definition Audio (Intel).
HD VMD = High Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc technology (New Medium Enterprises).
HD-BURN = 1.4 GB CD-R/CD-RW technology (Sanyo).
HD-DVD = High Definition Digital Versatile Disc discontinued technology (Toshiba/NEC/Sanyo/Memory-Tech).
HDC = Hard Disk Controller.
HDCP = High bandwidth Digital Content Protection (Intel/Silicon Image).
HDD = Hard Disk Drive.
HDMI = High Definition Multimedia Interface digital surround audio and video interface (Hitachi/Matsushita/Philips/Sony/RCA/Toshiba).
HD-ROM = High Definition Read Only Media (Norsam Technology).
HD-SDI = High Definition Serial Digital Interface.
HD-SLR = High Definition Digital Single Lens Reflex photo camera with HD video recording.
HDR = High Dynamic Range 8 bits/sample optical imaging/video standard (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDR10 = High Dynamic Range 10 media profile 10 bits/sample color depth (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDR10+ = High Dynamic Range 10 Plus media profile 10 bits/sample color depth + dynamic metadata (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
HDSL = High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
HDSS = Holographic Data Storage System (IBM).
HDTV = High Definition TeleVision (digital TV standard: 1200 lines).
HDVD = High Definition Digital Video Disc (Sonic/Ravisent).
HDVP = High Definition Video Processor (NVIDIA GeForce2/3/4/FX 3D video chipsets).
HEDT = High End DeskTop high performance personal computers (Intel).
HEIF = High Efficiency Image File format based on H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG).
HEL = Hardware Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D virtual 3D video rasterization device).
HEVC = High Efficiency Video Coding H.265/HEVC video compression standard (ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.265 + X.265).
HF = High Frequency (decameter band) radio wave bands 3-30 MHz (ITU).
HFC = Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable system.
HFS = Hierarchical File System (MacOS CD-ROM).
HGL = Hewlett Packard Graphics Language image file.
Hi10P = High 10 Profile 10 bits/sample H.264 video compression standard (ITU).
HID = Human Interface Devices (computer peripherals).
HiDef = High Definition 24 frames/second progressive video (Sony/Panasonic) (also 24p).
HiFD = High density 200 MB Floppy Disk Drive technology (Sony/Fuji).
Hi-Fi = High Fidelity (audio/video technology).
HIMEM = Microsoft HIgh/Extended MEMory Manager (HIMEM.SYS).
HIPPI = HIgh Performance Parallel Interface (ANSI X3T9.3 technology).
HIPS = Host based Intrusion Prevention Systems (computer security monitoring).
HLG = Hybrid Log Gamma non linear optical imaging/video transfer function (High Dynamic Range standard) (BBC/NHK).
HLSL = High Level Shader Language (Microsoft DirectX 9 programming).
HKMG = High K Metal Gate dielectric (transistor technology) (Intel).
HMA = High Memory Area.
HnS = Hack and Slash game or Hack and Slay game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
HP = Hewlett Packard Corporation.
HPC = High Performance Computing.
HPC (2) = Handheld Personal Computer.
HPFS = High Performance File System (OS/2).
HSDRAM = High Speed Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
HSF = Heat Sink and Fan combo (computer components cooling).
HSI = High Speed Interconnect (CERN).
HSR = Hidden Surface Removal 3D polygon rendering (NVIDIA GeForce2/newer + 3dfx Voodoo5/6 3D video).
HSTS = HTTP Strict Transport Security (SSL + TLS technologies).
HTA = HTML Application (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
HTML = HyperText Markup Language (W3C).
HTML 4.01 = HyperText Markup Language 4.01 standard (W3C).
HTML5 = HyperText Markup Language 5.0 standard (W3C).
HTPC = Home Theater Personal Computer.
HTT = HyperText Template (Microsoft Windows 95/newer + Internet Explorer 5/newer).
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol half duplex computer communications standard (http://).
HTTPS = HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure half duplex computer communications standard (https://) (SSL + TLS technologies).
HUD = Heads Up Display.
HVD = High Voltage Differential technology (SCSI-2).
HVD (2) = Holographic Versatile Disc technology 1 TB (Optware).
HMC-DRAM = Hybrid Memory Cube Dynamic Random Access Memory (Samsung/Micron/Altera).
HyperTransport = I/O bus architecture: 64-bit, 133/266 MHz, 6.4 GB/sec (AMD).
Hz = Hertz (clock speed). 1 Hz = 1 clock cycle.

i-MLSE = Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (Sony/Panasonic Blu-Ray Disc Drive technology).
I2O = Intelligent Input/Output (I2O) specification (Intel).
I3A = International Imaging Industry Association (DIG + PIMA).
IA-32 = Intel Architecture 32-bit (32-bit CPUs).
IA-64 = Intel Architecture 64-bit (64-bit CPUs).
IaaS = Infrastructure as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
IANA = Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
IBIS = In Body Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IBM = International Business Machines Corporation.
IC = Interface Controller.
ICANN = Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
ICD = Installable Client Driver (Microsoft 3D video).
ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol.
ICMPv6 = Internet Control Message Protocol version 6.
ICO = ICOn graphic file (Microsoft Windows).
ICP = Internet Content Provider.
ICS = Internet Connection Sharing.
IDCT = Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (Digital Versatile Disc decoding).
IDE = Integrated Device (Drive) Electronics (Hard Disk Drive interface).
IDE (2) = Integrated Development Environment (software development).
IDPS = Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (computer security monitoring).
IE = Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser (IEXPLORE.EXE) [discontinued!].
IEAK = Microsoft Internet Explorer Administration Kit (Microsoft Windows Setup IExpress developer kit).
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission.
IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IEEE 1394 = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers FireWire peripheral devices high performance serial bus technology.
IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force.
IFF = Electronic Arts Image File.
IFS = Installable File System TCP/IP handles for Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
IFSHLP.SYS = Installable File System HeLPer device driver (Microsoft Windows).
IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (3 terminal power semiconductor device).
IGMP = Internet Group Management Protocol.
IH-BD = Intra Hybrid Blu-Ray Disc: 1 BD-ROM (Blu-Ray Disc Read Only Media) layer + 1 BD-RE (Blu-Ray Disc Rewrite) layer [single layer (25 GB)].
IHS = Integrated Heat Spreader technology (Intel X3x chipsets).
IID = Interface IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (software and hardware identification standard) (also GUID + UUID).
IIM = Information Interchange Model old digital media file structure and metadata standard (IPTC).
ILC = Interchangeable Lens photo Camera (digital camera).
ILDC = Interchangeable Lens Digital photo Camera (digital camera).
ILIS = In Lens Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IMA = Interactive Music Architecture (Microsoft).
IMAP = Internet Message Access Protocol (e-mail retrieval).
IMAP4 = Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (e-mail retrieval).
IMG = GEM Paint image file.
iNAND = Integrated flash memory embedded chip controller (SanDisk).
INF = Setup INFormation File (Microsoft Windows Setup).
INSIC = Information Storage Industry Consortium.
Intel = Intel Corporation.
Internet = Global system of interconnected computer networks using networking protocols to communicate and share data and information among networks (servers) and devices (clients).
InterNIC = Internet Network Information Center.
I/O = Input/Output.
ION = Integrated On-demand Network (Sprint FastBreak).
IoT = Internet of Things (network of embedded devices, vehicles, appliances).
IP = Internet Protocol.
IP (2) = Intellectual Property.
IPF = Invalid Page Fault (Microsoft Windows).
IPMI = Intelligent Platform Management Interface autonomous computer subsystem specifications (Intel).
IPTC = International Press Telecommunications Council.
IPTV = Internet Protocol TeleVision (Microsoft).
IPv4 = Internet Protocol version 4 (RFC791, 32-bit).
IPv6 = Internet Protocol version 6 (RFC1883, 128-bit).
IPX = Internetwork Packet EXchange (Novell Netware).
IPX/SPX = Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (Novell Netware).
IRC = Internet Relay Chat.
IrDA = Infrared Data Association.
IRQ = Interrupt ReQuest line.
IS = Image Stabilization technology (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
IS (2) = Image Stabilization (Canon/Olympus photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
ISA = Industry Standard Architecture.
ISA (2) = Instruction Set Architecture (computer architecture -> programming).
iSCSI = Internet Small Computers System Interface protocol (IETF).
ISDN = Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISEF = Instruction Set Extension Fabric (Stretch CPUs).
ISF = Imaging Science Foundation (video display technologies).
ISN = Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics CMOS transistor technology (IBM).
ISO = International Organization for Standardization (Organisation Internationale de Normalisation).
ISO 9660 = International Standard LOgical CD-ROM format (High Sierra).
ISP = Internet Service Provider.
ISV = Independent Software Vendor.
IT = Information Technology (computing industry).
ITMaaS = Information Technology Management as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
ITU = International Telecommunications Union (Union Internationale des Télécommunications).
IUPAC = International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Java = Sun Microsystems/Oracle programming language.
JAR = Java ARchive file.
JDK = Java Developers Kit.
JEDEC = Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council.
JFC = Java Foundation Classes.
JFS = Journaling File System (Linux OS).
JIF = Joint Photographers Expert Group Image file.
JPEG = Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture format.
JPG = Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture file.
JRPG = Japanese Role Playing Game.
JS = JavaScript (programming language).
JSON = JavaScript Object Notation (JavaScript standard).
JVM = Java Virtual Machine (Microsoft Windows).

K56flex = Lucent/Rockwell 56 kbps analog modem transfer technology.
KB = KiloByte (1 KB = 1024 Bytes).
KBps = KiloBytes per second.
kbps = kilobits per second.
KNI = Intel Pentium III/IV CPUs MMX extensions (SSE/SSE2).

L1 = Level 1 cache (on CPU).
L2 = Level 2 cache (off CPU).
L2TP = Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol.
L3 = Level 3 cache (off CPU SMP).
LAN = Local Area Network.
LAPM = Link Access Protocol for Modems.
LARP = Live Action Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
LARPG = Live Action Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
LBA = Logical Block Addressing (Hard Disk Drive access).
LBM = DeLuxe Paint BitMap picture file.
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display (digital display).
LCoS = Liquid Crystal on Silicon (digital display).
LDAP = Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
LDIF = Lightweight Data Interchange Format (e-mail exchange technology).
LE = Linear Executable file format (DOS/Windows/WfWG 3.xx/95/98/ME 16-bit or 32-bit).
LED = Light Emitting Diode.
LEP = Light Emitting Polymers technology (CDT monitor).
LF = Low Frequency (kilometer band) radio wave bands 30-300 KHz (ITU).
LFB = Linear Frame Buffer (2D video).
LFE = Low Frequency Effects bass subwoofer channel, part of digital surround sound (3D audio).
LFN = Long File Name (247.8 = Microsoft Windows 32-bit and 64-bit).
LFO = Low Frequency Oscillator.
LH = LoadHigh (Microsoft MS-DOS).
Lightnet = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Surface Web, Visible Web).
LIM = Lotus, Intel and Microsoft expanded/extended memory specifications.
LIMAD = LInear MAgnetic Drive speaker technology (Soundmatters).
Linux = Linus Torvalds' GPL (free, open source) Operating System based on UNIX OS.
LLC = Logical Link Control sublayer (digital transmission layer).
LLTD = Link Layer Topology Discovery proprietary networking protocol (Microsoft).
LMDS = Local Multipoint Distribution Service.
LPC = Low Pin Count interface specification (Intel).
LPT = Line PrinTer.
LTO = Linear Tape-Open technology (IBM/Hewlett Packard/Seagate).
LSP = Layered Service Provider Windows Sockets (Winsock) API.
LVD = Low Voltage Differential (SCSI-2).
LZ77 = Lempel and Ziv 1977 compression algorithm.
LZMA = Lempel, Ziv and Markov chain compression Algorithm (7-Zip/7Z format).
LZW = Lempel, Ziv and Welch compression algorithm (GIF graphic format).
LZX = Lempel and Ziv eXtended compression algorithm (Microsoft CAB format).

M.2 = mSATA 2nd generation (also NGFF) SSD interface standard (also SATA Express, also SATAe).
MA = Master of Arts (Latin: Magister Artium), also AM (graduate level academic degree).
MAC = Media (Medium) Access Control address (networked hardware unique ID) (IEEE digital transmission layer standard).
MAC (2) = MAC Paint picture file.
MacOS = MacIntosh Operating System (Apple).
Malware = Malicious Software (viruses, worms, trojans, zombies, bots, spyware, ransomware).
MAMR = Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Western Digital).
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network.
MAPI = Messaging Application Programming Interface (Microsoft e-mail).
MB = MegaByte (1 MB = 1024 KiloBytes = 1048576 bytes).
MBaaS = Mobile Backend as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
MBOA = Multiband OFDM Alliance (UWB technologies).
MBps = MegaBytes per second.
mbps = megabits per second.
MBR = Master Boot Record (HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash storage media partition table layout for drives/partitions/volumes < 2 TB).
MCA = Multilink Channel Aggregation technology (Microsoft Windows).
MCD = Mini Client Driver (Microsoft 3D).
MCGA = Multi Color Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (640x480 pixels, 480p) (IBM).
MCI = Media Control Interface.
MCP = Microsoft Certified Professional.
MD5 = Message Digest algorithm 5 128-bit encryption (cryptography).
MDA = Modular Digital Architecture.
MDI = Multiple Document Interface.
MDRAM = Multibank Dynamic Random Access Memory (MoSys).
MF = Medium Frequency (hectometer band) radio wave bands 300 KHz-3 MHz (ITU).
MFA = Multi Factor Authentication (electronic authentication method).
MFC = Microsoft Foundation Classes (C++ classes library).
MGA = Monochrome Graphics Adapter old computer display standard (IBM).
MHL = Mobile High Definition Link mobile to audio/video interface (Nokia/Samsung/Silicon Image/Sony/Toshiba).
MHTML = MIME Encapsulation of Aggregate HyperText Markup Language Documents (W3C).
MHz = MegaHertz (1 MHz = 1000 KHz = 1000000 Hz).
Microsoft = Microsoft Corporation.
MIDI = Musical Instrument Digital Interface technology.
MIGFET = Multiple Independent Gate Field Effect Transistor (Motorola).
MILC = Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens photo Camera, also DSLM (digital camera).
MIME = Multipurpose (Multipart) Internet Mail Extensions.
MIP = Multum In Parvum texture mapping (3D video).
MIPS = Millions of Instructions per Second (CPU).
MIT = Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
ML-R = MultiLevel Compact Disc Recorder 2 GB (TDK).
ML-RW = MultiLevel Compact Disc ReWritable 2 GB (TDK).
MLA = Modern Languages Association.
MLC = Multi (Two) Level Cell 2 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
MLPPP = MultiLink Point to Point Protocol.
MMA = MIDI Manufacturers Association.
MMC = MultiMediaCard memory card storage standard (SanDisk/Siemens).
MMO = Massively Multiplayer Online game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMOFPS = Massively Multiplayer Online First Person Shooter game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMOG = Massively Multiplayer Online Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMORP = Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMORPG = Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MMVF = MultiMedia Video Format (NEC DVD).
MMX = MultiMedia eXtensions (Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPUs instructions).
MMX2 = Intel Pentium II/III/IV CPUs MultiMedia eXtensions 2nd generation (see KNI).
MO = Magneto-Optical drive.
MOBA = Multiplayer Online Battle Arena game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
modem = MOdulator/DEModulator (data to analog/digital converter/transmitter/receiver).
MODS = Multiplexed Optical Data Storage 1 TB CD/DVD technology (Imperial College London).
MOOC = Massive Online Open Course game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MORPG = Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MOSG = Massive Online Serious Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MOV = QuickTime MOVie file (Apple).
MP3 = MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 compression/format technology.
MPC = Multimedia Personal Computer.
MPEG = Motion Picture Expert Group.
MPEG-1 = Motion Picture Expert Group v1 audio/video compression technology.
MPEG-2 = Motion Picture Expert Group v2 audio/video compression technology.
MPEG-4 = Motion Picture Expert Group v4 audio/video compression technology.
MPG = Motion Picture Expert Group compressed image file format.
MPGA = Micro Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU).
MR = Magneto-Resistive head technology (Hard Disk Drive).
MRAM = Magneto-Resistive Random Access Memory (IBM/Infineon).
MRX = Magneto-Resistive EXtended head technology (IBM Hard Disk Drive).
µs = Microsecond (1/1000000 = 1 millionth of a second).
MS = Master of Science (Latin: Scientiae Magistrum), also SM (graduate level academic degree).
MS (2) = MicroSoft Corporation.
MS IE = MicroSoft Internet Explorer web browser (IEXPLORE.EXE) [discontinued!].
MS-DOS = MicroSoft Disk Operating System (text based command line console).
MSaaS = Managed Software as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
mSATA = Mobile Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive.
MSCDEX = MicroSoft Compact Disk EXtensions device driver (MSCDEX.EXE).
MSD = MicroSoft Diagnostics (MSD.EXE).
MSKB = MicroSoft Knowledge Base.
MSO = Multiple Service Operator [voice (telephone), data (internet, network), video (television, conferencing) providers].
MSP = MicroSoft Paint picture file.
MSRP = Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price.
MSS = Maximum Segment Size (internet protocol).
MTBF = Mean Time Between Failures measured in hours (computer components).
MTF = Modulation Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
MTOM = Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (W3C).
MTT = MultiTransaction Timer (PCI).
MTTF = Mean Time To Failure measured in hours (computer components).
MTTR = Mean Time To Repair measured in hours (computer components).
MTU = Maximum Transmission Unit (internet protocol).
MUD = Multi User Domain.
MUD (2) = Multi User Dungeon or Multi User Dimension or Multi User Domain game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
MVA = Multidomain Vertical Alignment technology (LCD screen).
MVG = Multiplayer Video Game.
MVP = Microsoft Most Valuable Professional.
MZ = Mark Zbikowski DOS executable file format (DOS 16-bit).

NA = Numerical Aperture (optics physics).
NAC = Network Admissions Control technology (Cisco).
NAK = Negative AcKnowlegement (modem response).
NAND = Negated AND, NO AND electronic logic gate (NAND flash memory).
NAP = Network Access Protection technology (Microsoft).
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA).
NAT = Network Address Translation (networking technology).
NBA = Network Behavior Analysis (network traffic monitoring).
NBT = NetBIOS over TCP/IP (network protocol).
NC = Network Computer.
NCQ = Native Command Queuing protocol (Serial ATA Hard Disk Drive).
ND = Neutral Density filter (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
NDI = Network Device Interface (networking).
NDIS = Network Driver Interface Specification layer (networking) (Microsoft/3Com).
NE = New Executable file format (DOS/Windows/WfWG 3.xx 16-bit).
NEF = Nikon Electronic RAW image Format (Nikon).
NetBEUI = NetBios Extended (Enhanced) User Interface (networking).
NetBIOS = Network Basic Input Output System (LAN APIs).
NetBT = NetBIOS over TCP/IP (network protocol).
NetRoom = Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE).
NFC = Near Field Communication (simplified data exchange standard).
NFP = Not For Profit.
NFS = Network File System.
NFT = Non Fungible Token (unique unit of data stored on a blockchain).
NGFF = Next Gen Form Factor, also M.2 (mSATA 2nd generation) SSD interface standard (also SATA Express, also SATAe).
NGI = Next Generation Internet foundation.
NIC = Network Interface Card.
NIC (2) = Networked Information Center.
NIPS = Network based Intrusion Prevention Systems (network security monitoring).
NIST = National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA).
(*)nix = Linux (UNIX like) family of GPL (free, open source) Operating Systems.
NLP = Natural Language Processing.
NNTP = Network News Transfer Protocol (USENET messaging).
NOS = Network Operating System.
NPC = Non Playable Character (computer/platform/video gaming).
NRAM = Non-volatile Random Access Memory, also NVRAM.
ns = Nanosecond (1/1000000000 = 1 billionth of a second).
NSR = NVIDIA Shading Rasterizer (GeForce2/3/4/FX 3D chipsets).
NTFS = New Technology File System 32-bit (Windows NT/newer).
NTP = Network Time Protocol (atomic clock server technology).
NTSC = National Television Systems Committee (USA TV standard: 525 lines).
NTx = Microsoft Windows New Technology (NT) version x based OSes: NT + newer.
NUC = Next Unit of Computing (Intel small form factor PC).
NUMA = Non Uniform Memory Access multiprocessing technology.
NVIDIA = NVIDIA Corporation.
NVMe = Non Volatile Memory Express (mSATA/SATAe SSDs).
NVMHCI = Non Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (mSATA/SATAe).
NVRAM = Non Volatile Random Access Memory, also NRAM.

OAW = Optically Assisted Winchester hard disk technology (Seagate).
OCR = Optical Character Recognition.
ODBC = Open DataBase Connectivity.
ODI = Open Data-Link Interface (networking) (Apple/Novell).
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer.
OGL = OpenGL (see OpenGL).
OIS = Optical Image Stabilization (FujiFilm/Panasonic photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OLE = Object Linking and Embedding (Microsoft Windows).
OLED = Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Toshiba).
OLGA = Organic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium III CPU).
OLPC = One Laptop Per Child foundation.
ONFI = Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group (NAND flash memory standards).
OLPF = Optical Low Pass Filter, also Anti Aliasing filter (digital camera).
OOB = Out Of Band.
OpenGL = Silicon Graphics Open Graphical Language technology (32-bit 3D graphics/video architecture layout/APIs).
OpenGVS = Open Gemini Visual System 3D APIs technology.
OPS = Open Profiling Standard.
OptiNAND = Flash enhanced hard disk drive architecture (Western Digital).
ORPG = Online Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
OS = Operating System (computer boot + core software interface).
OS (2) = Optical Stabilizer (Sigma photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OS/2 = IBM Operating System/2.
OSD = Open Software Distribution.
OSD (2) = On Screen Display.
OSDN = Open Source Technology Group (formerly Open Source Developers Network).
OSI = Open Systems Interconnection model (communications system layering) (ISO).
OSR1 = Microsoft Windows 95a OEM Service Release 1.
OSR2 = Microsoft Windows 95B/95C OEM Service Release 2.0/2.1/2.5.
OSR 2.0 = Microsoft Windows 95B OEM Service Release 2.0.
OSR 2.1 = Microsoft Windows 95B OEM Service Release 2.1.
OSR 2.5 = Microsoft Windows 95C OEM Service Release 2.5.
OSR 2.x = Microsoft Windows 95B/95C OEM Service Release 2.x.
OSS = Optical Steady Shot (Sony photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
OSTA = Optical Storage Technology Association.
OSTG = Open Source Technology Group (formerly Open Source Developers Network).
OTF = OpenType Font cross platform format (Adobe/Microsoft).
OTF (2) = Optical Transfer Function of periodic sine wave pattern of light projected through optical system.
OTG = On The Go USB interface (Apple/Hewlett Packard/Intel/Microsoft/NEC).
OTS = Over The Shoulder game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
OTT = Over The Top (direct to internet multimedia distribution service).
OVF = Optical View Finder (cinema, photography).

P II = Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes Xeon + Celeron).
P III = Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Tualatin Xeon + Celeron).
P IV = Intel Pentium IV CPU (80686 Willamette/Northwood Xeon + Celeron).
P2P = Peer to Peer data sharing computing/networking architecture.
P2P (2) = Point to Point connection communications/networking protocol.
P3P = Platform for Privacy Preferences (W3C).
P5 = Intel Pentium/Pro CPU (80586).
P6 = Intel Pentium II/III/IV CPU (80686).
PaaS = Platform as a Service on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server).
PAE = Physical Address Extensions (Intel 8XX chipsets with > 4 GB RAM).
PAL = Phase Alternate Line (European TV standard: 625 lines).
PAM = Pulse Amplitude Modulation digital data analog signal transmission.
Panose = Typeface font matching system (Hewlett Packard).
PAP = Password Authentication Protocol (computer communications cryptographic verification).
PAT = Port Address Translation (network/internet IP address).
PAT (2) = Performance Acceleration Technology (Intel 865/875 Pentium IV chipsets).
PATA = Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment Hard Disk Drive.
PBC = Pipeline Burst Cache.
PBM = Portable BitMap UNIX picture file.
PBSRAM = Pipeline Burst Static Random Access Memory (Intel CPU L2 cache).
PBX = Private Branch Exchange (telephony switching systems).
PC = Personal Computer (a.k.a. IBM PC/AT clone).
PC (2) = Playable Character (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PC99 = PC 1999 System Design Guide (Intel/Microsoft).
PCAV = Progressive Constant Angular Velocity (Compact Disc).
PCB = Printed Circuit Board.
PCD = Kodak Photo CD image file.
PCD (2) = Protein-Coated Disc optical storage technology (Harvard Medical School/NEC).
PCI = Peripheral Component Interconnect bus architecture: 32-bit 33/66 MHz (Intel).
PCI 2.1 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.1 technology: 32-bit 33/66 MHz (Intel).
PCI 2.2 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.2 technology: 32-bit 33/66/133 MHz (Intel).
PCI 3.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect 3.0 technology (3GIO or PCI Express): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell).
PCI Express = Peripheral Component Interconnect Express technology (3GIO or PCI 3.0): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell), also PCIe, also PCI-X.
PCI-SIG = Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group.
PCI-X = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 133 MHz 6 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCI-X 2.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 266/533 MHz 12/24 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCI-X 3.0 = Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit 533/1066 MHz 24/48 GB/sec (Intel/Compaq/Hewlett Packard/IBM).
PCIe = Peripheral Component Interconnect Express technology (3GIO or PCI 3.0): 64-bit 133/266 MHz 6.6 GB/sec (Intel/IBM/Compaq/Microsoft/Dell), also PCI Express, also PCI-X.
PCL = Printer Control Language.
PCM = Pulse Code Modulation.
PCMCIA = Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.
PCS = Personal Communications Service.
PCX = Zsoft PC Paintbrush Picture file.
PCX (2) = 3GIO or PCI Express or PCIe (see above).
PDA = Personal Digital Assistant.
PDAF = Phase Detection Auto Focus (cinema, photography).
PDF = Portable Document Format file (Adobe Acrobat).
PDP = Parallel Data Processing (Intel I-740).
PE = Portable Executable file format (Microsoft Windows 32-bit + 64-bit and ReactOS).
pel = Picture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color TV), also pixel.
Pentium = Intel Pentium CPU (80586).
Pentium Pro = Intel Pentium Pro CPU (80586).
Pentium II = Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes Xeon + Celeron).
Pentium III = Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Tualatin Xeon + Celeron).
Pentium IV = Intel Pentium IV CPU (80686 Willamette/Northwood Xeon + Celeron).
PERL = Practical Extraction and Report Language (programming).
PFPT = Pure Flat Picture Tube.
PGM = Portable GrayMap UNIX picture file.
PGN = Portable Game Notation (chess game text/ASCII computer processible format).
PGP = Pretty Good Privacy (encryption scheme).
PhD = Doctor of Philosophy (Latin: Philosophiae Doctor), also Ph.D., also DPhil (highest level academic degree).
PHD (2) = Pro High Definition, also Pro HD, also 6K (digital TV standard: 3160 lines).
PHP = Hypertext PreProcessor (free, open source) scripting HTML language (dynamic, server based).
PHY = PHYsical Layer electronic circuit network interface connector (OSI model).
PIC = Programmable Interrupt Controller.
PIC (2) = Lotus PICtor/PC Paint picture file.
PID = Product IDentification number (Microsoft OS + software).
PIF = Program Information File (Microsoft Windows 16-bit and 32-bit).
PII = Personally Identifiable Information, a.k.a. personal data (information technology security).
PIM = Personal Information Manager.
PIMA = Photographic and Imaging Manufacturers Association (now I3A).
PIN = Personal Identification Number (numerical code used in electronic transactions to verify identity for added security).
PING = Improperly called Packet InterNet Groper (network/internet packet transmitting/receiving tool).
PIO = Programmed Input/Output.
pixel = PIcture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color CRT), also pel.
PLA = Physical Layer Architecture (computer networking).
PLC = Power Line Communications technology (networking/internet broadband).
PLC (2) = Penta Level Cell 5 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
PLEDM = Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory (Hitachi).
PLGA = Plastic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium II CPU).
PLL = Phase Locked Loop (CPU clock multiplier chip).
PM = Post Meridiem (Latin), also P.M. time convention (after midday, after 12:00:00 o'clock noon).
PMP = Portable Music (Multimedia) Player.
PMR = Perpendicular Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Toshiba).
PMTU = Path Maximum Transmission Unit (internet protocol).
PNG = Portable Network Graphics file.
PNI = Prescott New Instructions (Intel Prescott CPU 13 instructions).
PnP = Plug and Play technology.
POP = Post Office Protocol (e-mail exchange technology).
PoP (2) = Point of Presence.
POP3 = Post Office Protocol version 3 (e-mail exchange technology).
POST = Power On Self Test (BIOS).
POTS = Plain Old Telephone Service.
PPGA = Plastic Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel Pentium II CPU).
PPI = Precise Pixel Interpolation (Intel I-740 2D/3D chipset).
PPM = Portable PixelMap picture file (UNIX).
PPP = Point to Point Protocol.
PPTP = Point to Point Tunneling Protocol.
PPU = Physics Processing Unit (PhysX Ageia).
PRI = Primary Rate Interface.
PRML = Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (IBM Hard Disk Drive technology).
PRN = PRiNter port.
PS = Personal Server (Intel portable computer).
PS/2 = IBM Personal System/2 computer.
PSD = RGB indexed PhotoShop image file (Aldus).
PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network.
PvE = Player versus Environment (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PvM = Player versus Monster (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PvP = Player versus Player (multiplayer/single player gaming).
PVR = Personal Video Recorder (TV analog to digital).
PWA = Progressive Web Application (App) (common web technologies web browser software).
PXE = Preboot eXecution (Pre-eXecution) Environment network interface (Intel/Systemsoft).

QBE = Query By Example.
QD-LED = Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode.br /> QD-OLED = Quantum Dot Organic Light Emitting Diode.br /> QDR-SDRAM = Quad Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
QEMM = Quarterdeck Systems 386 Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM386.SYS).
QFHD = Quad Full High Definition 3840x2160 screen resolution (monitors + UHDTV).
QLC = Quad Level Cell 4 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
QoS = Quality of Service (internet server based technology).
QPU = Quantum Processing Unit (quantum computer central processor).
QR Code = Quick Response Code (two dimensional machine readable optical encoded digital matrix label/identifier/locator bar code).

RaaS = Ransomware as a Service (see ransomware).
RAID = Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Independent) Disks.
RAM = Random Access Memory.
RAMDAC = Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter.
Ransomware = Ransom Software (encryptors/crypto, lockers, scareware, doxware, leakware, RaaS).
RARP = Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
RAS = Raster image file (Sun Microsystems).
RAS (2) = Row Access Strobe.
RAS (3) = Remote Access Service (Microsoft Windows NT/newer).
RAVE = Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine (Apple).
RAW = Unencoded pixel data image file.
RDF = Resource Description Framework metadata data model (W3C/Netscape).
RDRAM = Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory.
REG = REGistry file format (Microsoft Windows).
Registry = Microsoft Windows Registry database.
RegEdit = Microsoft Windows Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE).
RegEdt32 = Microsoft Windows NTx Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE).
RFC = Request for Comments (internet standards).
RFI = Radio Frequency Interference.
RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification technology, also DSRC.
RGB = Red Green Blue additive primary colors combination encoding model.
RIA = Rich Internet Application (desktop applications ported to the WWW).
RIFF = Resource Interchange File Format generic file container format (Microsoft/IBM).
RIMM = Rambus Inline Memory Module.
RISC = Reduced Instruction Set Computing (CPU).
RIVA = Real Time Interactive Video and Animation (NVIDIA 3D).
RLE = Run Length Encoded graphic file (CompuServe/Microsoft).
RM386 = Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE).
ROM = Read Only Memory.
ROT13 = ROTation by 13 letters of the alphabet (encryption scheme).
RPC = Remote Procedure Calls.
RPG = Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
rpm = Rotations per Minute.
rps = Requests per Second.
RPTV = Rear Projection TeleVision.
RSA = Rivest, Shamir and Adleman cryptographic asymmetric encryption algorithm (data security).
RSS = Really Simple Syndication = RDF (Rich) Site Summary (XML news reader).
RTC = Real Time Clock (BIOS).
RTF = Rich Text Format (Microsoft Word document).
RTFM = Read The F@#king Manual!
RTM = Released To Manufacturing (Microsoft product retail/final/gamma/Gold release).
RTS = Real Time Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
RTW = Released To Web (Microsoft product retail/final/gamma/Gold release).
RWIN = Receive WINdow (internet protocol).

S3TC = S3 Texture Compression architecture (S3 Savage3D/2000).
SaaS = Software as a Service [on demand via local thin client (bare bones operating system) + remote central host (internet cloud server)].
SACD = Super Audio Compact Disc (Sony/Philips).
SAS = Serial Attached SCSI Hard Disk Drive.
SATA = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Disk Drive (Western Digital).
SATA Express = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Express PCIe based SSD interface standard, also SATAe (also M.2/mSATA, also NGFF).
SATA-150 = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 150 MB/second tranfer rate Disk Drive (Western Digital).
SATA-300 = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 300 MB/second tranfer rate Disk Drive (Intel).
SATAe = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Express PCIe based SSD interface standard, also SATA Express (also M.2, also NGFF).
SBK = EMU Sound Font BanK v1.0 (Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound cards).
Scamware = Scamming Software (dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious).
Sci-Fi = Science Fiction (genre).
SCSI = Small Computers System Interface Hard Disk Drive.
SCSI-1 = Small Computers System Interface 1 specifications.
SCSI-2 = Small Computers System Interface 2 specifications.
SCSI-3 = Small Computers System Interface 3 specifications.
SD = Secure Digital memory mass storage removable media cards (SanDisk/Panasonic/Matsushita/Toshiba).
SDDS = Sony Dynamic Digital Sound 7.1 (7 + 1 = 8 channels) theater sound technology (3D audio).
SDHC = Secure Digital High Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SDK = Software Developers Kit (programming).
SDR = Standard Dynamic Range 8 bits/sample optical imaging/video standard (digital photography/cinema/astronomy).
SDRAM = Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
SDS = Satellite Data Service.
SDSL = Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
SDUC = Secure Digital Ultra Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SDX = Storage Data Acceleration (Western Digital).
SDXC = Secure Digital EXtended Capacity memory mass storage removable media cards (SD Association).
SECAM = SEquential Couleur Avec Mémoire (SEquential Color With Memory) (French TV standard: 625 lines).
SECC = Single Edge Contact Cartridge (Intel Pentium II CPU).
SECC2 = Single Edge Contact Cartridge 2 (Intel Pentium III CPU).
SED = Surface Conduction Electron Emitter flat screen Display (Canon/Toshiba).
SED (2) = Self Extraction Directive File (Microsoft Windows Setup IEAK developer kit).
SEL = Software Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D).
SEPP = Single Edge Processor Package (Intel Celeron CPU).
Serial ATA = Ultra Serial ATA 1500 v1.0 Hard Disk Interface: 1.5 Gb/sec (Western Digital).
SERP = Search Engine Results Page (internet).
SET = Secure Electronic Transaction technology.
SF2 = EMU Sound Font Bank v2.0 (Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound cards).
SFF = Small Form Factor (motherboard form factor).
SFN = Short File Name (8.3 = MS-DOS 16-bit).
SFTP = SSH (Secure) File Transfer Protocol server client communications standard (IETF) (SSL + TLS technologies).
SGI = Silicon Graphics Incorporated.
SGML = Standard Generalized Markup Language (W3C).
SGRAM = Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory.
SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm encryption (cryptography) (NSA).
SHDSL = Single pair High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
SHMUP = SHoot 'eM UP game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SHV = Super Hi-Vision, also UHD, also UHDTV, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu). Digital TV/Video technology, 16:9 (7680x4320 pixels, 4320p), 60 frames/sec, 21 GHz frequency band, 24 Gb/sec uncompressed or 128 Mb/sec MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 compressed signal, 22.2 digital surround audio channels.
SIM = SIMulation game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SIMD = Single Instruction Multiple Data stream (Intel Pentium/newer CPUs multimedia streaming instructions).
SIMM = Single In-line Memory Module.
SL-DRAM = Synchronous Layout Dynamic Random Access Memory (Siemens/Micron).
SL-HDR1 = SDR to HDR media profile using static and dynamic metadata (STMicroelectronics/Philips/CableLabs/Technicolor).
SLC = Subscriber Line Charge.
SLC (2) = Single Level Cell 1 bit/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
SLDRAM = Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (Hyundai).
SLI = Scan Line Interleave technology (2 or more 3dfx Voodoo2/3/4/5/6 chipsets on same video controller).
SLIP = Serial Line Internet Protocol.
SLM = Spatial Light Modulator.
SLR = Single Lens Reflex photo camera (mirror prism camera).
SMART = Self Monitoring Analysis Reporting Technology (hard disk).
SMB = Server Message Block (Microsoft sharing protocol).
SMDS = Switched MultiMegabit Data Service.
SMIL = Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C).
SMP = Symmetrical MultiProcessing technology.
SMPTE = Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.
SMR = Shingled Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (Seagate/Hitachi).
SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (e-mail exchange technology).
SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol.
S/NR = Signal to Noise Ratio.
SOAP = Simple Object Access Protocol (W3C internet technology, uses XML).
SO-DIMM = Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module connector.
SoC = System on a Chip (single dedicated analog/digital integrated circuit).
SOHO = Small Office/Home Office.
SOI = Silicon On Insulator CPU technology (Intel).
Spam = Unsolicited, unwanted, dishonest, false, fraudulent, illegal, abusive, deceptive, misleading, disguised, malicious, junk ad(vertising) e-mail.
Spamware = Spamming Software (see spam).
SPD = Serial Presence Detection (EEPROM).
S/PDIF = Sony/Philips Digital Interchange Format (digital audio surround interface).
SPF = Sender Policy Framework (e-mail exchange technology).
SPI = Stateful Packet Inspection (networking).
SPI (2) = Sensitive Personal Information, a.k.a. personal data (information technology security).
SPI (3) = Service Provider Interface (3rd party API/programming extension).
SPI-2 = SCSI Parallel Interface 2 technology (SCSI-3).
SPI-3 = SCSI Parallel Interface 3 technology (SCSI-3).
SPP = Standard Parallel Port.
SPTI = SCSI Pass Through Interface.
SPX = Sequenced Packet Exchange (Novell Netware).
Spyware = Spying Software (malware, ransomware, adware, trojans, beacons, monitoring, fingerprinting, tracking, hijacking, spoofing, leaking, auditing).
SQL = Structured Query Language.
SRAM = Static Random Access Memory.
sRGB = 32-bit Red Green Blue additive primary colors combination encoding technology (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard).
sRGB64 = 64-bit Red Green Blue double precision additive primary colors combination encoding technology (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard).
SRPG = Simulation Role Playing Game or Strategy Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
SSA = Serial Storage Architecture bus/interface (device/peripheral).
SSD = Solid State memory Disk (RAM drives).
SSDP = Simple Service Discovery Protocol.
SSE = Streaming SIMD Extensions (Intel Pentium III/newer CPUs 70 instructions).
SSE2 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 2 (Intel Pentium IV/newer CPUs 144 instructions).
SSE3 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 3 (Intel Pentium IV/newer CPUs 157 instructions).
SSE4 = Streaming SIMD Extensions version 4 (Intel Core/AMD K8/newer dual/multicore CPUs 54 instructions).
SSH = Secure Shell Protocol secure cryptographic encrypted network protocol.
SSHD = Solid State Hybrid Drive (RAM and hard drives).
SSL = Secure Sockets Layer (cryptographic encrypted network protocol).
SSLv2 = Secure Sockets Layer version 2 (cryptographic encrypted network protocol).
SSR = Super Scalar Rendering (3D video).
STA = SCSI Trade Association.
STD/VR = STanDard Voltage Regulator (CPU).
STG = ShooTing Game or Shoot Them up Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
STM = Scanning Tunneling Microscope.
Super AMOLED = Super Active Matrix Polymer Organic Light Emitting Diode display (Samsung).
Surface Web = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Lightnet, Visible Web).
SVCD = Super Video Compact Disc (enhanced MPEG-1 encoding).
SVG = Scalable Vector Graphics XML 2D graphics language (W3C).
SVGA = Super Video Graphics Array standard (800x600 pixels, 600p).
SVoD = Subscription based Video on Demand (membership based multimedia distribution service).
SX = X86 Intel CPU without FPU (386/SX, 486/SX).
SXGA = Super EXtended Graphics Array standard (1400x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also SXVGA).
SXGA+ = Super EXtended Array Plus standard (1280x1024 pixels, 1024p) (also SXVGA+).
SXVGA = Super EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1400x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also SXGA).
SXVGA+ = Super EXtended Video Graphics Array Plus standard (1280x1024 pixels, 1024p) (also SXGA+).
Sync SRAM = Synchronous burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache).

T&L = Transform & Lighting (3D video).
T-Buffer = Multiple Frame Buffer rendering engine (3dfx Voodoo4/5/6 3D).
TAPI= Telephony Application Programming Interface.
TAR = Tape ARchive file format (Linux/Unix).
TB = TeraByte (1 TB = 1024 GigaBytes = 1048576 MegaBytes).
TBS = Turn Based Strategy game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TBW = TeraBytes Written (flash storage life expectancy).
TCG = Trading Card Game (board/role playing gaming).
TCL = Transform, Clipping & Lighting (ATI 3D video).
TCO = Total Cost of Ownership (business IT).
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol.
TCP/IP = Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TD = Tower Defense game (computer/platform/video gaming).
TDMR = Two Dimensional Magnetic Recording hard disk drive (INSIC).
TEC = ThermoElectric Cooler (Peltier effect).
Texel = Bilinear TEXtured pixEL (3D video).
TFA = Two Factor Authentication, also 2FA (electronic authentication method).
TFT = Thin Film Transistor (active matrix display).
TFTP = Trivial File Transfer Protocol.
TGA = TrueVision Graphic file (Targa).
THD = Total Harmonic Distortion.
Thunderbolt = PCIe + DP serial hardware interface (Apple/Intel).
THX = Tomlinson Holman's eXperiment theater Hi-Fi audio/video standard (LucasFilm Home/Cinema: George Lucas' first film: "THX 1138").
THX EX = Tomlinson Holman's eXperiment EXtended theater Hi-Fi audio/video extended standard (LucasFilm Home/Cinema: George Lucas' first film: "THX 1138").
TIFF = Tagged Image File Format (Aldus).
TLC = Triple Level Cell 3 bits/cell NAND flash/Phase Change Memory memory cell/element.
TLD = Top Level Domain (internet domain name suffix: .com, .org, .net, etc).
TLR = Twin Lens Reflex photo camera (mirror prism camera).
TLS = Transport Layer Security secure network protocol.
TMDS = Transition Minimized Differential Signaling DVI + HDMI high speed serial data technology (Silicon Image).
TMM = Terabit Molecular Memory technology (Toshiba DVD).
TNT = TwiN Texel processing engine (NVIDIA RIVA TNT 2D/3D).
TNT2 = TwiN Texel 2 processing engine (NVIDIA RIVA TNT2 2D/3D).
TPA = Third Party Authenticator (electronic authentication method).
TPS = Third Person Shooter game (computer/platform/video gaming).
TPU = Texture Processing Unit (3dfx Voodoo family 3D chipsets).
TRIPS = Tera-op Reliable Intelligently adaptive Processing System (IBM CPUs).
TRP = Tactical Role Playing game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TRPG = Tactical Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TRPG (2) = Tabletop Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TSR = Terminate and Stay Resident program/device/driver.
TTF = True Type Font.
TTL = Time To Live (internet protocol).
TTRPG = TableTop Role Playing Game (multiplayer/single player gaming).
TWI = True Web Integration (Microsoft).

U-ATA = Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
U3D = Universal 3D graphics format technology (3DIF).
UAA = Universal Audio Architecture (Microsoft).
UAE = Unrecoverable Application Error.
UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter.
UAS = USB Attached SCSI (INCITS/SCSITA/MSC/USB-IF/ASUS USB 3.0 standard computer protocol).
UASP = USB Attached SCSI Protocol (INCITS/SCSITA/MSC/USB-IF/ASUS USB 3.0 standard computer protocol).
UCE = Unsolicited Commercial E-mail.
UCS = Universal multiple octet coded Character Set (International Standard ISO/IEC).
UDDI = Universal Description Discovery and Integration (network protocol).
UDF = Universal Disc Format (Compact Disc).
UDI = Uniform Driver Interface.
UDMA = Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
UDMA/33 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 33.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/66 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 66.66 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/100 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 100 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDMA/133 = Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 133 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive technology).
UDO = Ultra Density Optical drive (Plasmon).
UDP = User Datagram Protocol.
UDSL = Universal Digital Subscriber Line modem technology (Texas Instruments).
UDSP = Uniprocessor Digital Signal Processor Drive Electronics based architecture.
UEFI = Unified Extensible Firmware Interface BIOS technology (AMD/AMI/Apple/Dell/HP/IBM/Intel/Lenovo/Microsoft/Phoenix).
UFS = Universal Flash Storage flash memory storage technology (Nokia/Sony/Texas Instruments/Samsung/Micron/Hynix).
UHD = Ultra High Definition, also SHV, also UHDTV, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHDTV = Ultra High Definition TeleVision, also SHV, also UHD, also UHDV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHDV = Ultra High Definition Video, also SHV, also UHD, also UHDTV (NHK/Fujitsu) (digital TV standard: 4320 lines).
UHF = Ultra High Frequency (decimeter band) radio wave bands 300 MHz-3 GHz (ITU) + radar wave bands 1-4 GHz (IEEE).
UI = User Interface (2D/3D computer/terminal/device platform interface) (also GUI).
UL 1449 = Underwriter Laboratory tests certification technology for Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors compliance.
Ultra160/m SCSI = Ultra3 SCSI technology (160 MB/s burst transfer rate).
Ultra2b SCSI = Ultra2 SCSI technology (80 MB/s burst transfer rate).
Ultra ATA = Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive).
Ultra DMA = Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE drive controller).
Ultra SCSI = Ultra1 SCSI technology (40 MB/s burst transfer rate).
UMA = Upper Memory Area.
UMB = Upper Memory Block.
UMPC = Ultra Mobile Personal Computer.
UMR = Upper Memory Region.
UNC = Uniform Naming Convention.
UNDI = Universal Network Device Interface API (networking) (Intel PXE).
UNIX = MultiUser Network Operating System.
UPnP = Universal Plug and Play technology.
UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply.
URI = Uniform Resource Identifier.
URL = Uniform Resource Locator.
URM = Universal Retention Mechanism (Slot 1 CPU).
USB = Universal Serial Bus technology standard (USB-IF).
USB 1.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 1.0 (USB10 or USB1) technology (USB-IF).
USB 1.1 = Universal Serial Bus version 1.1 (USB11) technology (USB-IF).
USB 2.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 2.0 (USB20 or USB2) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.0 (USB30 or USB3) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.1 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.1 (USB31) technology (USB-IF).
USB 3.2 = Universal Serial Bus version 3.2 (USB32) technology (USB-IF).
USB 4.0 = Universal Serial Bus version 4.0 (USB40 or USB4) technology (requires USB-C + USB PD standards) (USB-IF).
USB PD = Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery technology for (re)charging electrical devices (USB-IF).
USB-A = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type A system (USB-IF).
USB-B = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type B system (USB-IF).
USB-C = Universal Serial Bus connection interface type C system (USB-IF).
USENET = USEr NETwork (newsgroups).
USFF = Ultra Small Form Factor (motherboard form factor).
USR = US Robotics.
UTC = Coordinated Universal Time international time standard.
UTF = Universal Character Set (UCS) Transformation Format (variable width encoding standard).
UUE = Uniform Resource Locator UNIX Encoded.
UUENCODE = Unix to Unix Encoding.
UUID = Universally Unique IDentifier 16-byte (128-bit) unique number (software and hardware identification standard) (also GUID + IID).
UVGA = Ultimate Video Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p).
UWB = UltraWideBand technologies (MBOA).
UWP = Universal Windows Platforms (Microsoft Windows 8/newer Metro/Tile/Store app and API).
UXGA = Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1600x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also UXVGA).
UXVGA = Ultra EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1600x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also UXGA).

V.90 = ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer technology.
V.92 = ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer technology.
VAR = Value Added Reseller.
VAT = Virtual Allocation Table (Compact Disc).
VBE = VESA BIOS Extensions.
VBI = Vertical Blanking Interval.
VC = Vibration Compensation (Tamron photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
VCD = Video Compact Disc (MPEG-1 encoding).
VCM = Virtual Channel Memory.
VCP = Video Cassette Player.
VCPI = Virtual Control Program Interface.
VCR = Video Cassette Recorder.
VDS = Virtual Dedicated Server (virtual machine as service).
VDSL = Variable Digital Subscriber Line modem technology.
VESA = Video Electronics Standards Association.
VFAT = Virtual File Allocation Table (Microsoft Windows).
VFD = Vacuum Fluorescent Display.
VFIR = Very Fast InfraRed protocol (Hewlett Packard).
VfW = Video for Windows.
VGA = Video Graphics Array standard (640x480 pixels, 480p).
VHD = Very High Density printer interface (Centronics).
VHF = Very High Frequency (meter band) radio wave bands 30-300 MHz (ITU).
VIF = Versatile Image File format based on H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG).
Visible Web = Publicly accessible indexable (indexed) internet (see also Clearnet, Lightnet, Surface Web).
VIVO = Video In Video Out.
VIS = Visual Image Size.
VLB = VESA Local Bus (VL bus).
VLM = Very Large Memory addressing (Intel Merced).
VLSI = Very Large Scale Integration.
VMM = Virtual Memory Manager (Microsoft Windows).
VMM (2) = Virtual Machine Monitor.
VoD = Video on Demand (multimedia distribution service).
VoIP = Voice over Internet Protocol.
VP8 = Video codec format used by WebM + HTML5 (On2/Google).
VPG = Video Performance Guarantee (minimum guaranteed speed specification), CompactFlash (CF)/CFast profile specification standard.
VPN = Virtual Private Network P2P shared/public secure (+/- encrypted) network server.
VPS = Virtual Private Server (virtual machine as service).
VPU = Visual Processing Unit (3Dlabs P10 family 2D/3D video chipsets).
VR = Virtual Reality.
VR (2) = Voltage Regulator (CPU).
VR (3) = Vibration Reduction (Nikon photo/video equipment image/optical stabilization technology).
VRE = Voltage Regulator Enhanced (MMX/SSE/KNI/3DNow! CPU dual voltage).
VRAM = Video Random Access Memory.
VRM = Voltage Regulator Module (CPU).
VRML = Virtual Reality Modeling (3D) Language.
VSA-100 = Voodoo Scalable Architecture (3dfx Napalm 2D/3D video chipset).
VSM = Virtual Storage Management (Microsoft Windows 32-bit).
VT = Virtualization Technology for abstracted hardware (Intel).
VT-d = Virtualization Technology for directed I/O (Intel).
VT-i = Virtualization Technology for IA-32 (i386) 32-bit CPUs (Intel).
VT-x = Virtualization Technology for x86 32-bit + 64-bit CPUs (Intel).
VVC = Versatile Video Coding H.266/VVC video compression standard (Fraunhofer/ITU/ISO/MPEG) (also H.266 + X.266).
VXD = Virtual eXtended (everything) device Driver (Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME).

W3C = World Wide Web Consortium (universal internet standards).
WAIS = Wide Area Information Server.
WAN = Wide Area Network.
WAR = Wide Aspect Ratio display (16:9 = cinema/TV letterbox format).
WAV = WAVeform audio file format (Microsoft).
WBEM = Web Based Enterprise Management Initiative.
WCG = Wide Color Gamut sRGB/Adobe color space using pure spectral primary colors (Adobe).
WDF = Windows Driver Foundation 32-bit or 64-bit (Microsoft approved).
WDM = Windows Driver Model 32-bit or 64-bit (Microsoft approved).
Web Page = Hypertext document accessible on the World Wide Web (see also HTML).
Web Site = Organized collection of web pages and related content identified by a common domain name, and published and hosted on web server(s), also Website.
WebGL = Web based Graphics Language (Canvas HTML 3D video API).
WebM = Web Multimedia VP8 video and Vorbis audio Matroska container format (On2/Google).
WebP = Web Picture lossy image format (On2/Google).
Website = See Web Site.
WEP = Wired Equivalent Privacy (wireless networks).
WFA = Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Alliance.
WfM = Wired for Management.
WfWG = Microsoft Windows for WorkGroups 3.1x.
WGA = Windows Genuine Advantage [Microsoft mandatory authenticity validation 😞].
WHATWG = Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (Apple/Mozilla/Google/Microsoft/Opera).
WHQL = Windows Hardware Quality Labs (Microsoft approved).
Wi-Fi = Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11g technology, 54 mbps, 5 GHz, up to 70 m).
WiMAX = Broadband Wireless Access technologies (Intel).
Win10 = Microsoft Windows 10.
Win11 = Microsoft Windows 11.
Win16 = Microsoft Windows 16-bit OS API code.
Win2000 = Microsoft Windows Server 2000 (formerly NT 5.0).
Win2003 = Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
Win2008 = Microsoft Windows Server 2008.
Win2012 = Microsoft Windows Server 2012.
Win2016 = Microsoft Windows Server 2016.
Win2019 = Microsoft Windows Server 2019.
Win2022 = Microsoft Windows Server 2022.
Win2K = Microsoft Windows Server 2000 (formerly NT 5.0).
Win2K3 = Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
Win2K8 = Microsoft Windows Server 2008.
Win31 = Microsoft Windows/WfWG 3.1x.
Win32 = Microsoft Windows 32-bit OS API code.
Win32s = Microsoft Windows 32-bit extensions for Windows/WfWG 3.1x 16-bit.
Win3x = Microsoft Windows/WfWG 3.xx.
Win64 = Microsoft Windows 64-bit OS API code.
Win7 = Microsoft Windows 7.
Win8 = Microsoft Windows 8.
Win8.1 = Microsoft Windows 8.1.
Win95 = Microsoft Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
Win98 = Microsoft Windows 98/98 SP1/98 SE(U).
Win9x = Microsoft Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5/98/98 SP1/98 SE(U).
WinFS = Windows Future Storage 32-bit file layer (Windows Vista).
WinFX = Microsoft Windows 32-bit/64-bit OS managed API code (Windows Vista).
WinME = Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition).
WinNT = Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx/4.0 (New Technology).
WinNT3 = Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx (New Technology).
WinNT4 = Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 (New Technology).
WinNTx = Microsoft Windows New Technology (NT) version x based OSes: NT + newer.
WinOSR1 = Microsoft Windows 95a OSR1.
WinOSR2 = Microsoft Windows 95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
WINS = Windows Internet Name Service protocol (Microsoft).
Winsock = Windows Sockets Application Programming Interface (API) (networking).
WinVista = Microsoft Windows Vista.
WinXP = Microsoft Windows XP (eXPerience).
WIPS = Wireless based Intrusion Prevention Systems (wireless security monitoring).
WMF = Microsoft Windows MetaFile.
WMV HD = Microsoft Windows Media Video High Definition.
WOFF = Web Open Font Format W3C standard (Microsoft/Opera/Mozilla).
WORA = Write Once Run Anywhere (Sun Java).
WORE = Write Once Run Everywhere (Sun Java).
World Wide Web = Networked system of data and information accessible over the internet and organized as Web Sites (see WWW).
WORM = Write Once Read Many [CD-R(W)/DVD-R(W)/BD-R(W)/HDD/SSD/NVMe/Flash/RAM].
WOSA = Windows Open Services Architecture (Microsoft).
WOSSA = Windows Operating Systems and Services Architecture (Microsoft).
WoW64 = Windows 32-bit (x86) on Windows 64-bit (x64) compatibility layer subsystem (Microsoft Windows 64-bit OSes).
WPA = Wireless Protected Access security technology (Wi-Fi Alliance).
WPA (2) = Windows Product Activation [Microsoft mandatory activation 😞].
WPE = Windows Protection Error (Microsoft Windows).
WPG = WordPerfect Graphic file.
WQXGA = Wide Quad EXtended Graphics Array standard (2560x1600, 1600p).
WRAM = Windows Random Access Memory.
WS = WebSocket full duplex computer communications protocol standard (ws://) (WHATWG).
WS-Discovery = Web Services Discovery network protocol (Intel/Microsoft).
WSA = Windows Sockets (Winsock) API (communication interface between client and TCP/IP stack).
WSS = WebSocket Secure full duplex computer communications protocol standard (wss://) (WHATWG) (SSL + TLS technologies).
WSXGA = Wide Super Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1440x900 pixels, 900p) (also Wide XGA+).
WSXGA+ = Wide Super EXtended Graphics Array Plus standard (1680x1050 pixels, 1050p) (also Wide XGA+).
WTX = Workstation Advanced Technology EXtended (motherboard form factor).
WUXGA = Wide Ultra EXtended Graphics Array standard (1920x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also WUXVGA).
WUXVGA = Wide Ultra EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1920x1200 pixels, 1200p) (also WUXGA).
WWIF = World Wide InterFace.
WWW = World Wide Web.
WXGA = Wide EXtended Graphics Array standard (1366x768 pixels, 768p) (also Wide XGA).
WYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get.

X.264 = X.264/AVC open source video compression based on H.264/AVC video compression standard (also AVC + H.264).
X.265 = X.265/HEVC open source video compression based on H.265/HEVC video compression standard (also H.265 + HEVC).
X.266 = X.266/VVC open source video compression based on H.266/VVC video compression standard (also H.266 + VVC).
x2 = 3COM/US Robotics 56 kbps analog modem transfer technology.
X3D = EXtensible 3D (W3C).
x64 = AMD/ARM/Intel x64 CPUs (family compatible) 64-bit compatible.
x86 = AMD/ARM/Intel x86 CPUs (family compatible) 32-bit compatible.
X87 = Intel X87 FPUs (family compatible) 32-bit compatible.
XAML = EXtensible Application Markup Language based on XML (Microsoft Windows).
XBL = XML Binding Language (Mozilla/W3C).
XDR-SDRAM = Xtreme Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Rambus).
Xeon = Intel Pentium II/III/IV Xeon CPU (80686).
X-Fi = Xtreme Fidelity audio technology (Creative Labs).
XGA = EXtended Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p) (also XVGA).
XHTML = EXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (W3C).
XHTML 1.1 = EXtensible HyperText Markup Language 1.1 standard (W3C).
XHTML5 = EXtensible HyperText Markup Language 5.0 standard (W3C).
XLL = EXtensible Link Language (W3C).
XML = EXtensible Markup Language (W3C).
XMM = EXtended Memory Manager.
XMP = EXtensible Metadata Platform digital metadata standard (Adobe/ISO).
XMPP = EXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (IETF).
XMS = Microsoft, Intel, Lotus and AST EXtended Memory Specifications.
XPS = XML Paper Specification (Microsoft).
XQD = EXperimental Quality Determination PCIe flash memory card standard 125-500 MB/sec > 2 TB (Sony).
XSL = EXtensible Stylesheet Language (W3C).
XSLT = EXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (W3C).
XSS = Cross Site Scripting (malicious HTTP attack method).
XT = EXtended Technology (motherboard form factor).
XUL = EXtensible User Interface Language based on XML (Mozilla/W3C).
XVGA = EXtended Video Graphics Array standard (1024x768 pixels, 768p) (also XGA).

Y2K = Year 2000.

ZAK = Zero Administration Kit for Windows NT workstations.
ZAW = Zero Administration initiative for Windows.
Z-buffer = Third (3rd) dimension/depth/z axis memory (3D video).
ZCLV = Zone Constant Linear Velocity (Compact Disc).
ZFS = Zettabyte File System 128-bit file system technology (Sun).
ZIF = Zero Insertion Force (CPU socket).
ZIP = ZIPped (compressed) file format (PKWare).